AP World History Chapter 4 - The Romans Flashcards

8332511809	polis	generally translated as "city-state"; the basic political and institutional unit of Greece	0
8332521976	acropolis	an elevated point within a city on which stood temples, altars, public monuments, and various dedications to the gods of the polis	1
8332546962	monarchy	derived from the Greek for "the rule of one man"; the type of Greek government in which a king represented the community	2
8332568416	oligarchy	"the rule of a few"; a type of Greek government in which a small group of wealthy citizens, not necessarily of aristocratic birth, ruled	3
8332593346	tyranny	rule by a tyrant, a man who used his wealth to gain a political following that could take over the existing government	4
8332612509	democracy	a type of Greek government in which all citizens, without regard to birth or wealth, administered the workings of government; translated as "the power of the people"	5
8332632904	hoplite	the heavily armed infantry man who was the backbone of the Greek army	6
8332645479	deme	a local unit that served as the basic element of Cleisthenes's political system	7
8332661072	Delian League	a grand naval alliance, created by the Athenians and aimed at liberating Ionia from Persian rule	8
8332680987	sovereign	an independent, autonomous state run by its citizens, free of any outside power or restraint	9
8332695410	koine	a common dialect of the Greek language that influenced the speech of all Greeks	10
8332709180	Great Silk Road	the name of the major route for the silk trade	11
8332726181	Tyche	the Greek goddess of fate and luck, eventually identified with the Roman goddess Fortuna	12
8332745639	mystery religions	any of several religious systems in the Greco-Roman world characterized by secret doctrines and rituals of initiation	13
8332765100	Epicureanism	a Greek system of philosophy founded on the teachings of Epicurus, which emphasized that a life of contentment, free from fear or suffering, was the greatest good	14
8332786466	Stoicism	the most popular of Hellenistic philosophies; it considers nature an expression of divine will and holds that people can be happy only when loving in accordance with nature	15
8332818498	natural law	the belief that the laws governing ethical behavior are written into nature itself and therefore possess universal validity	16
8332858917	heliocentric theory	the belief that the earth revolves around the sun	17