AP World Period 4 Flashcards

6078076190	Vasco De Gama	Portuguese, sailed beneath the southern tip of Africa into the Indian Ocean	0
6078076191	Magellan	Portuguese, tried to sail around the World	1
6078076192	English East India Comapny	1600, started by individual citizens who would travel to India and resell the goods in England for higher prices	2
6078076194	Aztec Empire	Empire in central Mexico, capital was Tenochtitlan, military based empire	3
6078076195	Montezuma	Ninth Aztec emperor, famous for his confrontation with Hernes Cortes	4
6078076196	Cavavels	A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship created by the Portuguese	5
6078076197	English East India Company	Stock company, travelled to India and would resell Indian goods in England for high prices, the foundation of coperations	6
6078076198	Colombian Exchange	Trade of livestock, vegetables, coffee, tobacco, disease, and slaves from the Old World to the New World, caused a dramatic demographic shift in the Americas	7
6078076199	Jamestown	First British colony in North America, named after King James I of ENgland	8
6078076200	Little Ice Age	Period between 1300-1870 in which Europe and North America were subjected to colder winds	9
6078076201	Chattel Slavery	The owning of human beings as property	10
6078076202	Louis XIV	Revoked the Edict of Nantes, ruled for 72 years, known as the "sun king"	11
6078076204	Mercantilism	A system in which a country accumulates wealth through trade	12
6078076205	Sikhism	A religion formed in the late 15th century in India	13
6078076206	Peninsulars	A European (Spanish or Portuguese) living in the Americas, small % of the population	14
6078076207	Creoles	A European born in the Americas	15
6078076208	Mestizos	A person with both European and Native descent	16
6078076209	Treaty of Tordesillas	A compromise between the Spanish and the Portuguese which gave both of them land in the Americas	17
6078076211	Pizzaro	Spanish conquistador, killed Inca Empire and brought the lands under Spanish control	18
6078076212	Erasmus	Catholic priest, learned to speak Greek so he could translate the original bible	19
6078076213	Humanism	The ideology that you can still enjoy the world around you while reaching salvation, a mixture of Catholicism and Secularism	20
6078076215	Council of Trent	A meeting to make reforms to the Catholic church in response to the Protestant reformation	21
6078076216	Diet of Worms	Meeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther, Pope Leo tries to make Luther repent his sins, Luther leaves as a heratic	22
6078076217	John Calvin	Calvinism, pre-destination: god's plan	23
6078076220	Society of Jesus (Jesuits)	A society devoted to Catholic education and missionary work	24
6078076221	Thirty Years War	A series of wars in the Holy Roman Empire, ended in 1648 with the treaty of Westphalia	25
6078076222	Treaty of Westphalia	Ended the Thirty Years War, allowed German princes to choose their faith, Europe is permanently religiously divided	26
6078076223	Henry VIII	Tudor family, created the Church of England, had six wives	27
6078076225	Elizabeth I	Stabilized England by creating the Anglican Church	28
6078076231	Absolute Monarchy	A form of government in which the king has absolute authority over the state	29
6078076233	Charles I	Didn't work with parliament, raised tax to be apart of the Thirty Years War, arrested the Parliament which led to the English Civil War, Executed for treason	30
6078076234	Oliver Cromwell	New leader of the English republic/commonwealth, had strict puritan laws (anti-anglican, extreme protestant)	31
6078076236	Glorious Revolution	The overthrow of James II by William and Mary of Orange, "bloodless revolution"	32
6078076237	Cardinal Richelieu	Regent for Louis XIII (9 year old king), Clergy of French Catholic Church	33
6078076238	Louis XIV	72 years long rule, revoked the "edict of nantes" (edict that let huguenots worship freely)	34
6078076239	Adam Smith	Scottish philosopher and economist, wrote the "wealth of nations"	35
6078076242	Hacienda	(spanish) a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house	36
6078076244	Indentured Servant	Men or woman who signed a contract in by which they agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for food, transportation, and housing (North America)	37
6078076246	Songhai Empire	Western African empire in the 15th and 16th century	38
6078076249	King Alfonso I	First African king to convert to Catholicism	39
6078076251	Triangular Slave Trade	The exchange of crops, livestock, luxury goods, and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the New World	40
6078076252	Middle Passage	The transfer of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean, horrible conditions, 25% died on voyage	41
6078076253	African Diaspora	Spread of Africans, creation of African-American culture	42
6078076260	Romanov Dynasty	The second dynasty to rule over Russia, ruled until the 20th century	43
6078076261	Peter the Great	Westernized Russia, creates a naval military first, creates city of St. Petersburg, created social laws	44
6078076262	Catherine the Great	Most renowned and and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia	45
6078076263	Zheng He	Chinese explorer, traveled to regions such as Asia and Africa	46
6078076264	Ming Dynasty	Overthrew the Yuan Dynasty (Mongols), focused on the restoration of Chinese culture (meritocracy, mandate of heaven, confucianism), banned foreigners	47
6078076265	Qing Dynasty	Run by Manchurians, last Chinese dynasty	48
6078076268	Tokugawa Ieyusa	Created a centralized government in Japan, rejected relationships with westerners (except for the Dutch)	49
6078076269	Ottoman Empire	Longest Islamic empire, expands with the fall of the Byzantine empire	50
6078076270	Sultan Mehmed II	"the conqueror", Islamic Sultan who sieged Constantinople and expanded the Ottoman empire	51
6078076271	Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent	Expands the Ottoman empire into N. Africa and E. Africa, makes education reforms, gives Jews/Christians protection under the law	52
6078076272	Janissaries	Elite Islamic military	53
6078076273	Safavid Empire	Islamic empire based in Persia	54
6078076274	Shah Ismail	Unites the people under religion, thought to be the 12th Imam who will spread true Islam	55
6078076276	Shah Abbas	Considered the strongest ruler of the Safavid Dynasty	56
6078076277	Mughal Empire	Islamic state in India ran by turkish people, overthrows the Sulnate of Dehli	57
6078076278	Akbar	A sultanate of the Mughal Empire, Expands into S. India, unifies the state, religiously tolerant, works w/ ottomans	58
6078076279	Aurangzeb	A sultanate of the Mughal Empire, burns down Hindu temples, triples taxes on Hindus	59
6078076280	Taj Mahel	An ivory-white marble mausoleum, commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal	60
6078076281	Martin Luther	German monk, upsetted by activities taking place in the Roman Catholic Church	61
6078076282	Diet of Worms	A meeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther to discuss Luther's acts of heresy	62
6078076284	Lutheranism	Authority straight from the Bible, free will- all of us are sinners, spoke in the vernacular	63
6078076286	Calvanism	John Calvin, pre-destination	64
6078076288	The Renaissance	14th and 15th century Europe, rebirth of liberal arts, starts in Italy	65
6078076289	Leonardo Da Vinci	Artist, Inventor, Botanist, Invented sanitation systems and flying machines, painted the Mona Lisa, wrote backwards	66
6078076290	Michelangelo	Da Vinci's rival, statue of David, Sistine chapel	67
6078076291	Edict of Nantes	Allowed French Protestants to worship freely	68
6078076292	Huguenots	French Protestants	69
6078076293	Galileo	Uses telescope to prove heliocentrism, work was banned by the Catholic church and he was put on house arrest	70