AP world history book terms Flashcards

9851756772	Paleolithic Age	The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	0
9851756773	Homo sapiens sapiens	The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period.	1
9851756774	Neolithic Age	The New Stone age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domesticstion of plants and animals accomplished	2
9851756775	Neolithic Revolution	The succession of technological innovation and changes that led to the development of agriculture.	3
9851756776	hunting and gathering	The original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries	4
9851756777	Çatal Hüyük	Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population that Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification	5
9851756778	Bronze Age	From about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 BCE, when iron began to replace it	6
9851756779	Nomads	Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies	7
9851756780	Civilization	societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufaturing groups	8
9851756781	Mesopotamia	Literally means "land between the rivers" (Iraq today) where the first civilization develops	9
9851756782	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia in about 4000 BCE by organizing region into city-states.	10
9851756783	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.	11
9851756784	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes.	12
9851756785	City-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	13
9851756786	Babylonians	Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 B.C.E.; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E.	14
9851756787	Hammurabi	the most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law.	15
9851756788	Pharaoh	Title of the rulers of ancient Egypt	16
9851756789	Pyramids	monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.	17
9851756790	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of Nile around 1000 BCE.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	18
9851756791	Indus River	River Sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization	19
9851756792	Harappa	along with Mohenjo-Daro, one of the two largest cities of the Indus river civilization; laid out planned grid pattern	20
9851756793	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society	21
9851756794	Vedas	Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century BCE	22
9851756795	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries BCE; previously handed down in oral form	23
9851756796	Ramayana	One of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita	24
9851756797	Upanishads	later books of the Vedas; combined sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas.; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority	25
9851756798	Yellow River	Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China.	26
9851756799	Ideographs	Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	27
9851756800	Shang	first Chinese Dynasty to leave written records	28
9851756801	Olmecs	People of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico	29
9851756802	Chavin de Huantar	Chavin culture appeared in highlands of Andes between 1800 and 1200 BCE; typified by ceremonial centers w/ large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center	30
9851756803	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization in Mediterranean and Aegean Seas	31
9851756804	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization	32