AP World History Ch. 8: The Unification of China Flashcards

5521393735	Confucianism	Philosophy based on the teachings of Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 BCE) or Confucius that emphasizes order, the role of the gentleman, obligation society, and reciprocity	0
5521393736	Kong Fuzi	Original name of Confucius, Chinese philosopher and teacher of ethics (551-479 CE)	1
5521395332	Junzi	Superior individuals who took a broad view of public affairs and did not allow personal interests to influence their judgement; the Confucian ideal	2
5521395333	Ren	Confucian concept of an attitude of kindness and benevolence or a sense of humanity	3
5521395334	Li	Confucian concept, a sense of propriety	4
5521395335	Xiao	Confucian concept of respect for one's parents and ancestors	5
5521397280	Mencius	Confucian disciple who believed that human nature was basically good and argued for policies that would allow it to influence society as a whole; emphasis on ren; light taxes, avoid war, support education, and encourage harmony and coopoeration	6
5521397281	Xunxi	Confucian disciple who believed that humans selfishly pursued their own interests and resisted making any contribution voluntarily to the larger society; emphasized li; advocated establishment of clear standards of conduct that would set limits on the pursuits of individual interests and punish those who neglected their obligations to society	7
5521397282	Daoism	Chinese philosophy, with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of non-competition	8
5521398531	Laozi	A sage philosopher who is accredited to founding Daoism	9
5521398532	Daodejing	Book that is the fundamental work of Daoism	10
5521398533	Dao	Key element in Chinese philosophy that means the "way of nature" or the "way of the cosmos"	11
5521399853	Wuwei	Daoist concept of a disengagement from the affairs of the world	12
5521399854	Legalism	Chinese philosophy from the Zhou dynasty that called for harsh suppression of the common people	13
5521401013	Shang Yang	Minister to the duke of Qin state in Western China, and important developer of the political philosophy of Legalism	14
5521401014	Han Feizi	A Xunxi disciple who collected Legalist views into well-argued essays on statecraft and served as an advisor to the Qin court	15
5521402544	Qin Shihuangdi	The first Qin emperor who ignored the nobility and ruled his empire through a centralized bureaucracy; divided China into administrative provinces and districts, delegated communication and implementation of policies to officers of the central government; disarmed regional military forces and destroyed fortresses; built an extensive network of roads; began construction of defensive walls	16
5521402577	Xianyang	Capital city of the Qin empire	17
5521404183	Liu Bang	A Chines commander who established order in a post-Qin China, placing himself at the helm of the new Han dynasty	18
5521406085	Early Han Dyansty	(206 BCE- 9 CE) Capital at Chang'an, the imperial family received large large landholdings, divided the empire into districts governed by administrative officials who served the emperor	19
5521406086	Xiongnu	Nomadic warriors of the Central Asian steppes	20
5521407004	Han Wudi	"The Martial Emperor," who rule from 141 - 87 BCE pursued two policies in particular: administrative centralization and imperial expansion	21
5521407005	Modu	Highly successful leader of the Xiongnu peoples of the Central Asian steppes	22
5521408290	Ban Zhao	Renowned female historian and scholar of the Han Dynasty, and author of the Book of Han (45-115 CE)	23
5521408291	Sericulture	The cultivation of silk worms for the production of silk	24
5521409599	Wang Mang	A minister who seized the throne from the child who had inherited it; called the socialist emperor because he took some land from large landholders and redistributed it among the landless; it was poorly implemented and resulted only in rebellion	25
5521409600	The Later Han Dynasty	(25- 220 CE) Capital at Luoyang; vigorous rule that mirrored that of Liu Bang and Han Wudi; centralized administration and state bureaucracy; maintained presence in central Asia and control of Silk Roads	26
5521411236	The Yellow Turban Uprising	A serious revolt that raged through China and tested the resilience of the Han state during the late second century CE, eventually weakening it	27
5521478896	Qin Dynasty	Chinese Dynasty (221- 207 BCE) that was founded by Qin Shihuangdi and was marked by the first unification of China and the early construction of defensive walls	28
5521601519	Sima Qian	A Han historian whose unpopular views drew attention	29
5521700003	Eunuchs	Castrated males, originally in charge of the harem, who grew to play major roles in government; common in China and other societies	30
5752270055	Analects	Collection of sayings and ideas contributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries	31
5752270056	Prescriptive literature	Sources that tell us what educated people said about the ways culture and social relationships should be	32
5752271801	Terracotta Army	Collection of terracotta soldiers depicting the army of Emperor Qin Shiuangdi that fill his tomb	33
5752271802	Zhuangzi	One of the most important Daoist works written by Zhuangzi that provided a well-reasoned compendium of Daoist views	34