AP World History Period 2 Review: (600 BCE- 600 CE) Flashcards

6485470102	Confucianism	Chinese belief system from 500s BCE that emphasized family loyalty, respecting elders, education, obedience, and ancestors.	0
6485470104	Legalism	In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime.	1
6485470105	Qin Shihuangdi	(r.221-210 BCE) The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who believed strongly in Legalism and sought to strengthen the centralized China through public works.	2
6485470107	Mandate of Heaven	The Chinese belief that the emperor claimed to be the "son of heaven" and therefore has the right to rule.	3
6485470108	Athenian Democracy	Anthenians built limited democracy. Had city states. Citizens were adult male residents who enjoyed certain rights and responsibilities. Cleisthenes made further reforms; worked to make Athens a full democracy by balancing power between rich and poor, created council of 500	4
6485470110	Patricians	The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era.	5
6485470111	Plebeians	The common people during the Roman era.	6
6485470112	Julius Caesar	During a civil war the Roman Senate allowed him to become a dictator but he refused to give it up and the senate eventually killed him. But his name came to mean "emperor".	7
6485470113	Ashoka	Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.	8
6485470114	Silk Roads	A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods.	9
6485470115	Buddhism	Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.	10
6485470118	Hellenistic Era	Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.	11
6485470119	Persian Empire	Greatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great.	12
6485470120	Pax Romana	A time in history when the Roman Empire was at peace and promoted safe trade.	13
6485470121	Caesar Augustus	He established his rule after the death of Julius Caesar and he is considered the first Roman Emperor.	14
6485470124	Edict of Milan	The Edict of Milan (Edictum Mediolanense) was a letter signed by emperors Constantine I and Licinius that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. The letter was issued in AD 313, shortly after the conclusion of the Diocletianic Persecution.	15
6485470125	Polis	Greek word for "city-state"	16
6485470127	Peloponnesian Wars	(431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.	17
6485470129	Alexander the Great	He and his father defeated and united the weakened Greek city-states and he defeated the Persian Empire in 330 BCE thus spreading Greek culture and influence throughout Western Asia. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia	18
6485470131	Caste System	The system in old India that separated the people into social categories, but based mostly on color with the Aryans always on the top of the social pyramid.	19