AP World History Chapter 6/7 Flashcards

5681714572	bedouin	nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam	0
5681714573	Anamists		1
5681714574	Ridda Wars	wars that followed Muhammad's death; resulted in the defeat of rival prophets and some larger clans; restored unity of Islam	2
5681714575	Jihads	struggle, often used for wars in defensive of the faith	3
5681714576	Battle of Siffin	fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party	4
5681714577	Mawali	non-arab converts to Islam	5
5681714578	Jizya	head taxed paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territory	6
5681714579	Ghazu		7
5681714580	Dhimmi	Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later expanded to Zoroastrians and even Hindus	8
5681714581	Damascus	Syrian city that was the capitol of Umayyad caliphate	9
5681714582	Baghdad	capitol of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capitol of Ctesiphon	10
5681714583	Ayan	the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule	11
5681714584	Sunni	most popular in the world anyone can rule Arian	12
5681714585	Shia	also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali blood descendent Persian	13
5681714586	Sufi	mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southern Asia and other regions meditated	14
5681714587	Koran (Qur'an)	holy book of Islam	15
5681714588	Ramadan	month long holiday included fasting every nine months	16
5681714589	Caliph	the political and religious successor to Muhammad	17
5681714590	Caliphate	a form of Islamic government led by a caliph	18
5681714591	Umayyad	first great Muslim dynasty to rule the Caliphate	19
5681714592	Abbasid	dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750C.E.	20
5681714593	Muhammad the Prophet	founder of Islam	21
5681714594	Mosque	Islamic place for worship	22
5681714595	Imam	according to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the successors of Ali	23
5681714596	Hajj	A Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba	24
5681714597	Shahadah	one God Allah	25
5681714598	Sawm	fasting	26
5681714599	Zakat	tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims	27
5681714600	Salat	prayer five times a day facing the city of Mecca	28
5681714601	Dhow	arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails, strongly influenced European ship design	29
5681714602	Abu Bakr	companion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad; regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful successor; Shi'ah regarded him as a traitor of Muhammad; known as best interpreter of dreams following Muhammad's death	30
5681714603	Umar		31
5681714604	Uthman	third caliph murdered by numerous warriors returning from Egypt	32
5681714605	Ali	cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a	33
5681714606	Al-Mahdi	third of the caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve the problem of succession	34
5681714607	Harem	the part of a Muslim palace or house reserved for the residence of women	35
5681714608	Sunni-Shia Split	battle of siffin	36
5681714609	Architecture	Muslims	37
5681714610	Art (characteristics)		38
5681714611	Crusaders	series of military adventures initially launched by western Christmas to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy	39
5681714612	Al-Ghazali	brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama	40
5681714613	The Thousand and One Nights		41