AP World History Chapter 4 - The Greeks Flashcards

7951662080	monarchy	Greek for "the rule of one man"; a king represented the community, reigning according to law and respecting the rights of the citizens	0
7951679047	aristocracy	"power in the hands of the best"	1
7951690678	oligarchy	"the rule of a few"; a small group of wealthy citizens NOT necessarily of aristocratic birth	2
7951706775	tyranny	rule by a man who has seized power by extra-legal means	3
7951719303	democracy	a type of Greek government in which all citizens, without regard to birth or wealth, administered the workings of government; "the power of the people"	4
7951742993	polis	generally translated as city-state; the basic political and institutional unit of Greece; a community f citizens with their own customs and laws	5
7951756380	acropolis	an elevated point within a city on which stood temples, altars, public monuments, and various dedication to the gods of the polis	6
7951765005	hoplite	the heavily armed infantry man who was the backbone of the Greek army	7
7951772129	deme	a local unit that served as the basic element of Cleisthenes's political system	8
7951786400	Delian League	a grand naval alliance, created by the Athenians and aimed at liberating Ionia from Persian Rule; formed by the Athenians and their allies	9
7951802688	sovereign	an independent, autonomous state run by its citizens, free of any outside power or restraint	10
7951813905	koine	a common dialect of the Greek language that influenced the speech of all Greeks	11
7951820685	Great Silk Road	the name of the major route for the silk trade	12
7951825120	Tyche	the Greek goddess of fate and luck, eventually identified with the Roman goddess Fortuna	13
7951837585	mystery religions	any of the several religious systems in the Greco-Roman world characterized by secret doctrines and rituals of initiation	14
7951856103	Epicureanism	a Greek system of philosophy founded on the teachings of Epicurus, which emphasized that a life of contentment, free from fear or suffering, was the greatest good	15
7951881531	Stoicism	the most popular of Hellenistic philosophies; it considers nature an expression of divine will and holds that people can be happy only when living in accordance with nature.	16
7951906595	heliocentric theory	the belief that the earth revolves around the sun; believed by Aristarchus	17
7951920061	natural law	the belief that the law's governing ethical behavior are written into nature itself and therefore possess universal validity	18
7951940725	Archimedes	a clever inventor (Archimedian screw and artillery, compound pully, hydrostatics)	19
7951958707	Hellenistic warfare advances	catapults, battering rams, and wooden siege towers	20
7951966454	Herophilus	dissected corpses and discovered the nervous (and the two types of nerves) system	21
7951985608	Hellenistic	the blend of Hellenism and Near Eastern cultures	22
7952000911	Pre-Socratic thinking	the theory that four simple substances make up the universe: fire, air, earth, and water	23