AP World History Crash Course Flashcards

6775248462	Hunting-Foraging Bands	Nomadic peoples that lived in small groups; they hunted game and collected wild or undomesticated plants or food; they used technology such as bows and arrows, clovis points and spears	0
6775256833	Neolithic Revolution	Hunter-foragers settled in areas during this key revolution where there was a steady water supply and good soil; here they planted seeds in the ground creating agriculture and lived in permanent buildings in villages	1
6775271492	River Valley Civilizations	These were the first places where the Neolithic Revolutions occurred; Mesopotamia in the Middles East, Nile Valley in North Africa, Indus River Valley in South Asia, Shang in the Huange He River Valley in Easy Asia; these were where the earliest known river valleys used agriculture to sustain a whole village	2
6775287970	Pastoralism	This was when people raised domesticated animals but did not develop agriculture so they moved with their animals; in moving with their herds, they spread information about other groups and developments in technology	3
6775303492	Urbanization	Where urban areas saw the development of jobs, social levels and gender roles; with this process, counting and writing systems began in cities as a means of keeping records of stored food and other goods	4
6775313059	Cuneiform	One of the first writing systems which was developed in Mesopotamia	5
6775315694	Ziggurats	Religious temples located in Mesopotamia that are examples of monumental architecture that developed in certain areas	6
6775323790	Animism	The earliest known form of religion where believers see gods in nature; popular in hunting-foraging bands	7
6775327255	Polytheism	"Many gods" differing from animism in that gods in this religion have specific names and duties	8
6775331077	Monotheism	The belief in one god; Hebrews of Southwest Asia practiced one of the earliest known types of this religion in Judaism	9
6775337281	Hinduism	The earliest known organized religion that had written codes of the faith and a class of religious leaders in priests; centered in South Asia; beliefs were influenced by Indo-European groups who migrated into the region from western areas near the Caspian Sea	10
6775348665	Buddhism	A "reform" of Hinduism was begun by Prince Siddhartha Gautama who became the "Enlightened One"; supported spiritual equality and missionary activity	11
6775353070	Confucianism	Based on teachings of Kong Fuzi; religion established codes of behavior and gender and family duties; a philosophy not a religion dedicated to a deity	12
6775358937	Neo-Confucianism	A religion that included aspects of Buddhism and Daoism and promised eternal reward for faithfulness to Kong Fuzi's teachings	13
6775367133	Christianity	This religion was a reform of an existing religion in Judaism	14
6775369167	Han Empire	This empire existed around the same time as the Roman Empire and in fact traded wit them; One of the largest empires of the classical era and in terms of technologically, was far ahead of other civilizations of the same era	15
6775377429	Mandate of Heaven	This reflected the belief that the emperor in would stay in power as long as the heavens were satisfied with his rule	16
6775381973	Chinese Examination System	This was a political feature in an empire that began with the Han dynasty; scholar-bureaucrats took state sponsored tests in order to become government scribes	17
6775393609	Mediterranean Civilizations	A term used to describe the classical Greek and Roman civilizations	18
6775401995	Hellenism	A blend of Greek and local styles that was a culture stretching from Egypt to India	19
6775405097	Gupta and Maurya Empires	These empires were exceptions to the trend of political fragmentation in South Asian history; these were unified empires which were rare in India's history	20
6775413986	Bantu Migrations	Most often cited sub-Saharan event in Africa that occurred over much of the Classical era; People migrated south and east over many centuries, spreading a common language base and metal-working technology	21
6775421165	Silk Road	A must know trade route connected East Asia to northern India and central Asia and to the Mediterranean region, West African and Northern Europe; silk, tea, spices, horses and technology were carried westward along caravan routes	22
6775431581	Indian Ocean Trade Network	Connected to the Silk Roads, this trade network occurred over water; African, Arab, Jewish, and Chinese merchants carried religion and exchanged silver, cotton, spices and other items across the Indian Ocean	23
6775444006	Trans-Saharan Trade	Trade of goods, people and faith across North Africa by camel caravans	24
6775448277	Islam	First preached by the prophet Muhammad; united multiple polytheistic Arab tribes into a common faith	25
6775452793	Caliphate	Islam united many people but politically, it divided into regional states called these each led by a caliph	26
6775460101	Crusades	A series of Christian v. Muslim military campaigns for the "holy land"	27
6775468331	Byzantine Empire	Constantinople was its capital; this empire had major economic, social and political influence over southern and eastern Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia	28
6775473579	Tang and Song Dynasties	Under these dynasties, China had the world's largest population, the most advanced technology	29
6775478935	Mongols	"Agents of change" that invaded south China and rode west all the way into and Southwest Asia in the 13th and 14th centuries	30
6775483100	Black Death	A disease that spread east and west during the age of the Mongol conquests, killing millions	31
6775486033	Mayan States	Centered in Mesoamerica; featured pyramids, large cities, a written language and a complex society	32
6775493230	Coerced Labor	Includes slavery, serfdom and indentured servitude; forms of this existed across all civilizations and time periods	33
6775498057	Feudalism	In western Europe and Japan where many people served as agricultural workers for landowners in this system	34
6775502774	Zheng He	The explorer who represented the power of the Ming Dynasty who lead expeditions that included treasure ships and thousands of sailors	35
6775508569	Inca Empire	Centered in the Andes Mountains; was built on previous cultures in their region; expanded along the western coast as a result of both conquest and diplomacy; declined when Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 16th century	36
6775521354	Columbian Exchange	This was triggered by Columbus's expeditions to the Americas where plants, animals, technology and diseases were exchanged on a worldwide level	37
6775526311	Mercantilism	Nations developed colonies under policies that fell under this process	38
6775530945	Atlantic Slave Trade	Laborers were found in West Africa and were seized and shipped across the Atlantic in the so called "middle passage"	39
6775536103	Encomienda System	A Spanish practice that was used in their colonies	40
6775540477	Ottoman Empire	Muslim empire that expanded from Southwest Asia into parts of North African and Eastern Europe; was an important political, social and economic conduit for Western Europe, Africa and East Asia for many centuries	41
6775548670	Industrialization	Was a major part of the West's enormous social changes and economic and political expansions in the 19th century; marked a shift from slow hand made to rapid machine made production	42
6775555832	Enlightenment	A western European development; foundations in scientific study and intellectual reason which included individual rights such as freedom of speech and participation government	43
6775564258	Capitalism	Strongly attached to the Industrial Revolution; an economic system based on individual economic development; private investors use their money to invest in potentially profitable activities; Adam Smith	44
6775571525	Marxism	An alternative to capitalism in an attempt to close the gap between the rich and poor in industrial western Europe and one day the world; the many poor unite and overthrow the few rich and establish a political and economic system where the government controls production and labor to the benefit of all	45
6775591986	Nationalism	Belief that a group of people with similar cultural backgrounds rightly belong together in one nation	46
6775594622	Meiji Restoration	An attempt to compete with the West's industrial and political power, Japan created this; The emperor's power was reestablished and Japan purposefully westernized its industrial base and its society	47
6775612025	Open Door Policy	Beginning of the twentieth century, U.S. proposed that the U.S., Japan and the European powers share open access to trade with China and the other powers accepted the U.S. plan	48
6775909600	World Wars	The first half of the 20th century saw two wars among the "Great Powers" of Europe, Asia and the United States; these wars were caused by massive military production made possible by the Industrial Revolution and by global competition for territories during the Age of Imperialism	49
6776007234	The Great Depression	This global event was between the two World Wars where a global economic disaster struck the industrialized nations around the world	50
6776011524	Communism	Originally proposed by Karl Marx from Germany and put in place by Vladimir Lenin in Russia in the early 20th; the government attempts to direct the economy and to provide services for all	51
6776021985	Cold War	Conducted between the United States and their allies and the Soviet Union and their allies; goal was to keep the other side from increasing its political and economic influence from around the world	52