AP World History- Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

7379628263	Hunting and gathering	means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization	0
7379628264	Civilization	societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups	1
7379628265	Paleolithic	the OLD STONE AGE ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of evolving stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	2
7379628266	Neolithic	the NEW STONE AGE between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	3
7379628267	Nomads	cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	4
7379628268	Culture	combinations of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction	5
7379628269	Homo Sapiens	the species of humanity that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic	6
7379628270	Agrarian revolution	occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture	7
7379628271	Pastoralism	a nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	8
7379628272	Catal Huyuk	early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification	9
7379628273	Bronze Age	from 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking, development of wheeled vehicles, writing	10
7379628274	Mesopotamia	literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys	11
7379628275	Potter's wheel	a technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products	12
7379628276	Sumerians	people who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states	13
7379628277	Cuneiform	a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	14
7379628278	City-state	a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	15
7379628279	Ziggurats	massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections	16
7379628280	Babylonian Empire	unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.	17
7379628281	Hammurabi	the most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law	18
7379628282	Pharaoh	the term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs	19
7379628283	Pyramids	monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	20
7379628284	Hieroglyphs	form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform	21
7379628285	Kush	african state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	22
7379628286	Monotheism	the exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization	23
7379628287	Phoenicians	seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	24
7379628288	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	25
7379628289	Aryans	indo-european nomadic, warlike, pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization	26
7379628290	Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin	site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China	27
7379628291	Shang	1st Chinese dynasty	28
7379628292	Oracles	shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing	29
7379628293	Ideographic writing	pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	30