Biochemistry 1 - AP Biology Flashcards

4821191255	Polar Molecule	An asymmetrical molecule with a slight charge (dipole); that is hydrophilic (water loving) ex: water	0
4821191256	Hydrophilic	Water loving	1
4821191257	Nonpolar Molecule	A symmetrical or balanced molecule with no charge; hydrophobic (water fearing) ex: lipid	2
4821191258	Hydrophobic	Water fearing	3
4821191259	Properties of Water	Ice is less dense than water Very polar High specific heat High heat of vaporization Universal solvent Strong cohesion property	4
4821191260	Cohesion	Attraction of water molecules to one another	5
4821191261	Adhesion	Attraction of water molecules to other substances	6
4821191262	pH	measure of concentration of hydrogen ions	7
4821191263	Carbohydrates	Consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Polymers of monosaccharides Function: quick energy Ex: glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose	8
4821191264	Lipids	Consists of chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Hydrophobic Function: energy storage, structure, steroids, hormones	9
4821191265	Steroid	Lipid made of 4 carbon rings	10
4821191266	Proteins	Consists of S, P, C, O, H, and N R-group is variable region of amino acid Polymers of amino acids Function: many, including growth and repair	11
4821191268	Primary Structure (Protein)	Determined by the amino acid sequence of the chain attached by peptide bonds	12
4821191269	Secondary Structure (Protein)	Determined by intermolecular hydrogen bonding within the chain alpha helix and beta pleated sheets	13
4821191270	Tertiary Structure (Protein)	3-D shape determined by the folding and interactions between amino acids (e.g., nonpolar, polar, disulfide bridges)	14
4821191271	Quaternary Structure (Protein)	Determined by the interactions between 2 or more chains of polypeptides	15
4821191272	Nucleic Acids	RNA, DNA, ATP Polymers of nucleotides Nucleotides consist of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base	16