AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

6014652231	Animal Husbandry	An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals, such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats.	0
6014652232	Cash Cropping	Planting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.	1
6014652233	Corporate Agriculture (Agribusiness)	System of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.	2
6014652234	Commercial Crops	A crop grown for direct sale rather than for livestock feed.	3
6014652235	Domestication of Plants	Domesticating plants for human use, one of the first steps to a full fledged agricultural economy.	4
6014652236	Double Cropping	Planting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.	5
6014652237	Fallow	When farmers grow crops in a clear field for only a few years until the soil nutrients are depleted. The farmers then have the soul empty for a few years so the nutrients in the soil can be restored; uncropped land.	6
6014652238	GMOs	Foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value; Genetically Modified Organisms.	7
6014652239	Intensive Farming	Subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relative large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a pared of land.	8
6014652240	Labor-intensive Crops	Includes fruits, garden vegetables, herbs, and anything requiring constant tending or wielding.	9
6014652241	Labor-intensive Animals	Animals that require constant tending, includes dairy cow and poultry for eggs.	10
6014652242	Monoculture	Dependence on a single agricultural commodity.	11
6014652243	Mechanization	In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.	12
6014652244	Market Gardens	Small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers, Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Labor is done manually.	13
6014652245	Primary Economy	Any economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.	14
6014652246	Plantation Agriculture	Raising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.	15
6014652248	Suitcase Farmers	A suitcase farm is a farm in which no one reside permanently, they go against the grain of traditional farming. In the US migrant workers provide a cheap, abundant labor source; they work on the farm during the day and leave at night. There is no residence on the site.	16
6014652249	Spring Wheat	Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.	17
6014652250	Sustainable Yield	Rate of crop production that can be maintained over time.	18
6014652251	Transhumance	Movement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.	19
6014652252	Winter Wheat	Wheat plated in the fall and harvested in the early summer.	20
6014652253	Von Thunen Model	Theory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.	21
6014652254	Green Revolution	An outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.	22
6014652255	Communes	A group of people living together and sharing processions.	23
6014652265	SE Asia domesticated what?	Yams, Taro Root, Bananas, palm oil, cattle, sheep, goats	24
6014652266	Western Africa domesticated what?	Millet(China), Sorghum	25
6014652267	S. Mexico domesticated what?	squash, beans, cotton, Maize(Corn),	26
6014652268	SW Asia domesticated what?	Wheat, Barley, Rice(India)	27
6014652269	1st Agric Revo Location	Nile River Valley/Fertile Crescent	28
6014652270	1st Agric Revo Change	Nomadic herders to sedentary lifestyle and intentional farming	29
6014652271	1st Agric Revo Impact	Birth of civilization Birth of urban areas Birth of government Birth of class structures(social stratified) Before this egalitarian Created irrigation Created farmers,slaves, government officials, merchants Surplus of food Led to writing Began trading which led to system of defense Towns located on high ground(acropolis) and water	30
6014652272	2nd Agric Revo Location	England, Denmark, Netherlands	31
6014652273	2nd Agric Revo Sustained by...	Mechanical reaper Combustible engine Seed drill Railroad Refrigeration Artificial feed New banking practices	32
6014652274	2nd Agric Revo Before I.R	Improved methods Improved plows and draft-animals (Leesdale and ox) New crops Potato and Corn since both can be grown in marginalized land(Not-so fertile land) Government policies British Enclosure Act Crop rotation and consolidated/fenced off land In same year and plot, rotate crops to maintain soil fertility Improved soil fertility Canals	33
6014652275	3rd Agric Revo Defintion	new strains with higher yields through genetic manipulation to increase yield through the use of herbicides and fertilizers	34
6014652276	How to increase GMOs	1. Purchase artificial fertilizer Chemicals 2. Irrigation system 3. Purchase herbicides/pesticides 4. Purchase machines to keep up with production 5. Need a receptive environment 6. Need receptive commodity markets 7. Barriers to implementation Poor, unreceptive environment river water	35
6014652277	Shifting Cultivation Location	Subtropics and Tropics	36
6014652278	Shifting Cultivation Steps and Characteristics	Steps: Clear land Plant land Fallow(not planting anything so soil can replenish itself) Come back to land when it is full of nutrients Characteristics: Low quality land Low population density	37
6014652279	Slash-and-Burn is also know	Patch agriculture Milpa(Yucatan peninsula) Swidden(Indonesia) Chitemene (Nambia) Ladang(Old english meaning to farm)	38
6014652282	Nomadism	Dry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land	39
6014652283	Commercial Farming Positives	Increase yield Keeps food costs low	40
6014652284	Commercial Farming Negatives	Use of chemicals Human health Younger age of puberty Cancer increase Environment Rainforest destruction Desertification Rise in sustainably sourced farming Local and organic Blue zone where business collaborate to show thi	41
6014652285	Livestock Ranching	Raising of domesticated animals for food or items like leather Climate: Dry Growing industry As countries develop, meat eating increases Standard of living increases Not near market Bulk-reducing industry	42
6014652286	Dairying	Climate: Cold Perishable Area surrounding dairying is milk shed Closer to market North Latitude Bulk-gaining Bottling fluid	43
6014652287	Mixed livestock and grain	Raise domesticated animals and growing feed	44
6014652288	Commercial Grain Farming	Wheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt	45
6014652289	Market Gardening	Items people garden Near market since items are perishable Suitcase farms Rely on migrant labor	46
6014652290	Mediterranean	Dry summers High rainfall needed France, Spain, Greece, North Africa, Australia, Chile, California Produce grapes, citrus, etc. Wine production	47
6014652291	Plantation farming	Tropics In LDCs Owned by MDCs Cash crops	48
6014652292	Cash Crop Examples	Worldwide Cotton Rubber Amazon Rice India Sugar from Caribbean	49
6014652293	Coffee	Ethiopian Origin US #1 consumer Central America and Africa produce it	50
6014652294	Tea	Most production in Asia China British own most tea plantations	51
6014652295	Illegal Drugs	Marijuana, Poppy seeds Core are demanders Periphery grows them Takes processing	52
6014652296	What two factors influenced Von Thunen model?	Perishability and Transport Costs	53
6014652297	Von Thunen ring outside city(1)	Market gardening/dairying/feedlot Feedlots fatten livestock before slaughter Skinny before sent near market	54
6014652298	Von Thunen ring (2)	Forestry and growing feed grains Wood: Fuel and building materials Feed: Food for livestock	55
6014652299	Von Thunen ring (3)	Food grains and cash crops	56
6014652300	Von Thunen ring (4)	Livestock ranching Low land cost and marginalized land	57
6014652301	Von Thunen assumptions	Flat terrain---Similar climate/soil---no barriers to transportation	58
6014652302	Von Thunen factors that decrease the model	Refrigeration Food preservation Global markets/corporate decision making New alternatives for fuel New ways grains are used	59
6014652303	Horizontal integration	Companies buy out companies Allows for them to set prices No quality for consumers Aka Monopoly Laws created in 1900s that makes monopoly illegal Multiple like industries	60
6014652304	Vertical integration	One industry that eliminates the middleman Control supply chain Food is homogenous Farm production becomes aggregated Create more commercial agricultural No more small farms Harmful effects on people and environment	61
6014652305	Double cropping	Harvesting twice in one year Employ crop rotation	62
6014652306	Triple cropping	Harvesting 3 times in one year Employ crop rotation	63
6014652310	Vertical farming	Urban, crowded, squatter areas Takes up less space	64
6014652311	Agrarian-based society	Based on agriculture Mesopotamian, River valley, Primary sectors	65
6014652312	Animal husbandry	Care of domesticated animals	66
6014652313	Open-lot farming	Type of subsistence farming Village farms the land Ejiado	67
6014652314	Subsistence crop	Food crops used only by family or local market trading	68
6014652322	Organic Farming	o extracts farmers from big corporations o environmental=reduce synthetic chemicals in soil/water farming and ranching without the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other synthetic inputs. o sold in 54% of US grocery store	69
6014652323	Truck Farms	Farm where farmers produce fruits for the market Use mechanization to produce large quantities of fruits and veggies	70
6014652324	Staple Grains	wheat, barley, rye, maize, or rice; potatoes, yams, taro, arrowroot, or cassava	71