Biochemistry - AP Biology Flashcards
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| 4892152615 | Amino Acid |  | 0 | |
| 4892154802 | Amino Group |  | 1 | |
| 4892155969 | Carbonyl Group |  | 2 | |
| 4892157290 | Carboxyl Group (Carboxylic Acid Group) |  | 3 | |
| 4892158971 | Steroid |  | 4 | |
| 4892161338 | Covalent Bond | Type of bond formed when atoms share electrons. This strong bond does not dissolve in water. |  | 5 |
| 4892162456 | Disaccharide |  | 6 | |
| 4892173055 | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) |  | 7 | |
| 4892174537 | Polysaccharide |  | 8 | |
| 4892176236 | Hydrogen Bond | Weak bond formed by electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and the partial negative charge on another atom. |  | 9 |
| 4892177577 | Hydroxyl Group |  | 10 | |
| 4892178993 | Ionic Bond | Very strong bond formed by electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged atoms. Dissolves in water. |  | 11 |
| 4892182118 | Monosaccharide | A carbohydrate containing a single sugar molecule. |  | 12 |
| 4892183331 | Nucleotide | The monomer that forms nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Consists of a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar and a phosphate group. |  | 13 |
| 4892185097 | Phosphate Group |  | 14 | |
| 4892188877 | Protein |  | 15 | |
| 4892190335 | Sulfhydryl Group |  | 16 | |
| 4892192312 | Triglyceride |  | 17 | |
| 4892193812 | Van der Waals Bond | Extremely weak bond formed by transient electrostatic interactions between non-polar molecules. |  | 18 |
| 4892911086 | Monomer | A subunit that links with others in a chain to form a larger molecule (polymer). | 19 | |
| 4892914340 | Polymer | A large molecule make up of many smaller molecules (monomers) linked together. | 20 | |
| 4892914341 | Organic Molecule | A molecule found produced by living organisms containing carbon. | 21 | |
| 4892932685 | Lipid | A hydrophobic compound containing C and H atoms. Examples include fats, oils, steroids, and waxes. | 22 | |
| 4892932686 | Carbohydrate | A hydrophilic compound containing 1 C: 2 H : 1 O. Examples include sugar, starch, glycogen, and cellulose. | 23 | |
| 4892934229 | Phospholipid | An amphipathic molecule with a hydrophilic "head" and hydrophobic "tail." Forms cell membranes. |  | 24 |
| 4892947163 | Atom | The basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud. | 25 | |
| 4892947164 | Molecule | A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. | 26 | |
| 4892949826 | Proton | A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. | 27 | |
| 4892949827 | Neutron | An uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. | 28 | |
| 4892951671 | Electron | A negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom. | 29 | |
| 4892951672 | Valence Electron | The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds. | 30 | |
| 4892951673 | Enzyme | A protein catalyst that speeds up biochemical reactions by lowering their activation energy. | 31 | |
| 4892953575 | Catalyst | A substance that speeds up reactions by lowering their activation energy, but is not used up in the reaction. | 32 | |
| 4892953576 | Activation Energy | The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction. | 33 | |
| 4892955977 | Exergonic | Chemical reactions that release energy. | 34 | |
| 4892958704 | Endergonic | Chemical reactions that absorb energy. | 35 | |
| 4892969302 | Acid | A substance that releases hydrogen ions (proton donor). Has a pH less than 7.0. | 36 | |
| 4892969303 | Base | A substance that binds hydrogen ions (proton acceptor). Has a pH greater than 7.0. | 37 | |
| 4892969304 | Buffer | A substance that keeps the pH stable. | 38 | |
| 4892973437 | pH | -log[H+] = | 39 | |
| 4893038801 | Hydrophilic (Polar) | Charged or partially charged molecules that are miscible or soluble in water. Name means "water loving." | 40 | |
| 4893038802 | Hydrophobic (Non-polar) | Molecules with no charge that are not miscible or soluble in water. Name means "water hating." | 41 | |
| 4893041523 | Amphipathic | Molecules with both a polar end and a non-polar end. Name means "both hating." Synonymous with "amphiphilic" ("both loving"). | 42 | |
| 4893104479 | Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom. | 43 | |
| 4893105756 | Atomic mass | The (average) number of protons plus neutrons in an atom. | 44 | |
| 4893107775 | Ion | An atom with a positive or negative charge. | 45 | |
| 4893240961 | Specific Heat | The amount of energy required to change the temperature of a material. Water has a high value. | 46 | |
| 4893244707 | Surface Tension | A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size. | 47 | |
| 4893281414 | Electronegative | Tends to attract electrons. Highest for elements in the upper right corner of the periodic table. | 48 |