Heredity - AP Biology Flashcards
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| 6746295518 | Purebred | Homozygous (BB or bb) |  | 0 |
| 6746295519 | Hybrid | Heterozygous (Bb) |  | 1 |
| 6746295520 | Tt x Tt | 25% TT; 50% Tt; 25% tt 75% Dominant Phenotype; 25% Recessive Phenotype |  | 2 |
| 6746295521 | Law of segregation | During the formation of gametes (meiosis), the two opposing traits carried by each hybrid parent separate (Shown by monohybrid cross) -Occurs during anaphase I |  | 3 |
| 6746295522 | Monohybrid Cross | Cross of 1 trait (Bb x bb) |  | 4 |
| 6746295523 | Dihybrid Cross | Cross of multiple traits at once (BbTt x BBtt) (Remember FOIL the gametes) |  | 5 |
| 6746295524 | Testcross | Cross done to determine the genotype of an organism showing the dominant trait but whose genotype is unknown (purebred? BB? or hybrid? Bb?) Breed the organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual; if any offspring show the recessive phenotype, then the parent organism was hybrid (Bb) |  | 6 |
| 6746295525 | Law of Independent Assortment | Allele pairs separately independently during the formation of gametes -TtYy can create TY, Ty, tY, ty -Occurs during metaphase I of meiosis |  | 7 |
| 6746295526 | Incomplete Dominance | Characterized by blending -RR = red -rr = white -Rr = pink |  | 8 |
| 6746295527 | Codominance | The hybrid condition shows both traits ex: blood type, A, B, AB, O |  | 9 |
| 6746295528 | Multiple Alleles | Having more than two allelic forms of a gene ex: blood type, A, B, O alleles |  | 10 |
| 6746295529 | Epistasis | Two separate genes control one trait, but one gene masks the expression of the other gene Ex: gene C = color of pigment; gene B = presence of pigment |  | 11 |
| 6746295531 | Polygenic Inheritance | Describes traits that vary along a continuum; controlled by more than one gene ex: height, skin color |  | 12 |
| 6746295532 | Linked Genes | Genes on the same chromosome that are always inherited together unless separated by crossing over (express the parent genotype more than recombinant) |  | 13 |
| 6746295533 | Linkage Map | Shows the orders of genes based on incidence of crossover |  | 14 |
| 6746295534 | Map Units | The distance within which recombination due to crossover occurs; the greater the distance, the greater the chance they will be separated from each other by crossover |  | 15 |
| 6746295535 | Sex-Linked Traits | Trait found on the X chromosome; More men affected |  | 16 |
| 6746295536 | Pedigree | Family tree determines how a particular trait is inherited |  | 17 |
| 6746295537 | Dominant Trait | Trait that will always shows if it's present |  | 18 |
| 6746295538 | Recessive Trait | Trait that only show if it's homozygous and the alternative allele is not present |  | 19 |
| 6746295539 | Mutation | Any change in genome that occurs randomly |  | 20 |
| 6746295540 | Chromosome Mutation | Mutation altering whole or sections of chromosomes, for example nondisjuction due to nondisjunction during meiosis I (ex: down syndrome) |  | 21 |
| 6746295541 | Point Mutation | Alteration of a single base in DNA |  | 22 |
| 6746295542 | Frameshift mutation | Mutation that alters multiple amino acids by the addition or deletion of a nucleotide | | 23 |
| 6746295547 | Polyploidy | Having extra complete sets of chromosomes (3n or 4n) |  | 24 |
| 6746295548 | Karyotype | A procedure carried out to identify chromosomal abnormalities in autosomes; analyzes shape, size, and number of chromosomes |  | 25 |
| 6746295549 | Nondisjunction | An error that sometimes occurs during meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly; results in chromosome mutations |  | 26 |