AP Biology Phylogeny JM Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 5953670069 | Phylogeny | Evolutionary history of a species or a group of species. | 0 | |
| 5953670070 | Systematics | Focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationship. | 1 | |
| 5953670071 | Taxonomy | How organisms are named and classified. | 2 | |
| 5953670072 | Binomial | Genus + specific epithet(unique for each species in a genus). | 3 | |
| 5953670073 | Order of Classification | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. | 4 | |
| 5953670075 | Phylogenetic Tree | Branching diagram explaining the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. | 5 | |
| 5953670077 | Branch Points | Shows where the divergence of two evolutionary organisms are from a common ancestor. | 6 | |
| 5953670082 | Homologies | Similarities due to shared ancestry. Morphological divergence between related species can be great and their genetic divergence small. (Or vice versa). | 7 | |
| 5953670083 | Analogy | Similarity due to convergent evolution rather than shared ancestry. (Not related, but have similar features.) Ex. A bird's wing and a Bats wing. | 8 | |
| 5953670084 | Convergent Evolution | Occurs when similar environmental pressures and Natural selection produce similar (Analogous) adaptation in organisms from different evolutionary divergences. | 9 | |
| 5953670086 | Molecular Systematics | The Discipline that uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evolutionary history. | 10 | |
| 5953670087 | Evolutionary Molecular Homologies | If the DNA sequence and length are similar in two species then they are most likely closely related. | 11 | |
| 5953670088 | Cladistics | The common ancestry is the primary criterion used to classify organisms. Scientists group species in Clades: each of which includes an ancestral species and all of its transcendence. | 12 | |
| 5953670089 | Monophyletic | All descendants and ancestral species, this is the only way a clade can be equivalent with a taxon. |  | 13 |
| 5953670090 | Paraphyletic | Consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all of its descendants. |  | 14 |
| 5953670091 | Polyphyletic | includes taxa with different ancestors. |  | 15 |
| 5953670092 | Decent with Modification | Organisms both share characteristics from ancestors but also differ from them. | 16 | |
| 5953670094 | Character/Characteristics | Another word for Trait or Traits. | 17 | |
| 5953670095 | Derived Character | An evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade. Ex. Mammals have the character of hair which isn't seen in earlier ancestors. | 18 | |
| 5953670097 | Outgroup | The species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that includes the species that is being studied. | 19 | |
| 5953670098 | Parsimony | "Occam's Razor" The principal that the simplest explanation (that explains the facts) is the most likely explanation. | 20 |