AP Biology - Energy & Enzymes Flashcards

5406059814	metabolism	The sum of the building & breaking reactions occurring in cells	0
5406059815	catabolic pathways	Series of reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.	1
5406059816	anabolic pathways	Series of reactions that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones.	2
5406059817	bioenergenetics	The study of how organisms manage their energy resources.	3
5406059818	kinetic energy	Energy associated with relative motion of objects.	4
5406059819	thermal energy	Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of molecules or atoms. (heat)	5
5406059820	potential energy	Stored energy.	6
5406059821	first law of thermodynamics	Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.	7
5406059822	entropy	A measure of disorder or randomness. Tends to increase in the universe.	8
5406059823	second law of thermodynamics	Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.	9
5406059824	free energy	Measures the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell.	10
5406059825	endergonic reaction	Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.	11
5406059826	exergonic reaction	Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy.	12
5406059827	energy coupling	The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.	13
5406059828	ATP (adenosine triphosphate)	Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.	14
5406059829	phosphorylation	The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.	15
5406059830	catalyst	A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.	16
5406059831	enzyme	Protein that speeds up reactions. Typically end in "ase" (ex. Peroxidase, Lipase)	17
5406059832	activation energy	The amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier.	18
5406059833	enzyme-substrate complex	When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms:	19
5406059834	active site	A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where a substrate can bind.	20
5406059835	induced fit model	States that the enzyme and substrate undergo conformational changes to interact fully with one another (as opposed to "Lock & Key"	21
5406059836	cofactor	Inorganic metal ion helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate.	22
5406059837	coenzyme	Non-protein Organic helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate.	23
5406059838	competitive inhibitors	Reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites.	24
5406059839	noncompetitive inhibitors	Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme (other than the active site).	25
5406059842	feedback inhibition/negative feedback	A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.	26
5406059855	saturated enzyme	Describes an enzyme's maximum activity when every active site is being used.	27
5406088554	substrate	The reactant that an enzyme binds with to form product.	28
5406108016	Chemical Energy	Potential energy trapped in molecular bonds.	29
5406115315	Spontaneous Reaction	When a reaction doesn't require energy to proceed it is said to be this - doesn't mean it will be FAST.	30