AP Exam Vocabulary Flashcards

9456489795	Attribution Theory	tendency to give explanations for someone's behavior, often by crediting situation or person's disposition	0
9456499500	Fundamental Attribution Theory	tendency to overestimate the impact of person's disposition and underestimate impact of situation	1
9456502409	Foot in the Door Phenomenon	tendency to apply w/ larger requests after responding to a smaller request	2
9456504236	Zimbardo - Stanford Prison Experiment/Lucifer Effect	Role Playing: People take on the role of what they feel are proper for the situation	3
9456511671	Cognitive Dissonance	people change their behavior to avoid looking bad, ie person is against gay rights then becomes gay, he will change attitude to gay rights activist	4
9456517717	Asch - confomity	tendency to go along with the views and actions of others, even if you know they are wrong - line test	5
9456521019	Milgram - obedience	people tend to obey authority figures; 60% of participants thought they delivered the max possible level of shock	6
9456523647	Social Facilitation	improved performance in presence of others; easy tasks get easier as hard tasks get harder	7
9456525978	Social Loafing	in the presence of others, people tend to do less, partly because they believe others will do it	8
9456528755	Deindividualization	loss of self-awareness and self-restraint, typically in a sense of anomie (mob situation)	9
9456531723	Group Polarization	if a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens prevailing options and attitudes	10
9456535532	Groupthink	a mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decisionmaking group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives	11
9456537566	Just-World Phenomenon	tendency of people to believe that the world is just and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get	12
9456539952	Social Traps	situation in which the confliction parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interests, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.	13
9456542293	In-group	people with whom one shares a common identity with	14
9456547511	Out-group	those perceived as different from themselves	15
9456550542	Hindsight Bias	tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we would have predicted it beforehand and may contribute to blaming the victim and forming prejudices against him/her	16
9456895247	Prejudice	unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members	17
9456899516	Mere exposure effect	the mere exposure to a stimulus will increase the liking of it	18
9456907098	Altruism	unselfish regard for the welfare to others	19
9456912446	Bystander effect	tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present	20
9456917025	Reciprocity Norms	the expectation that we should return help, not harm to those who have helped us	21
9456920481	Biological	explore the links between brain and mind	22
9456923750	Cognitive	study how we perceive, thinks, and solve problems	23
9456926884	Humanistic	study that says that humans are basically good and possess a free-will	24
9456931788	Behavioral	study that says all behavior is observable and measurable	25
9456935250	Psychoanalytic	study of the unconscious, includes childhood and aggression issues	26
9456938069	Sociocultural	study of how cultural and political experiences affect our life	27
9456940438	Evolutionary	study of the evolutionary of humans over time (from apes)	28
9456944493	Developmental	study of our changing abilities from womb to tomb	29
9456947266	Wilhelm Wundt	father of psychology	30
9456949953	Introspection	looking inward at one's own mental processes	31
9456954954	Structuralism	analyze sensations, images, and feelings into their most basic elements	32
9456957194	William James	the brain and mind are constantly changing	33
9456968861	Functionalism	underlying causes and practical consequences of certain behaviors and mental strategies - "steam of consciousness"	34
9456971221	John Locke - Tabula Rosa	mind is a blank slate written on by experiences	35
9456973878	Sigmund Freud	founder of psychoanalysis	36
9456976230	Psychoanalytic Theory	all behavior is meaningful and driven by unconscious forces	37
9456978530	Applied Research	aims to solve practical problems	38
9456981754	Basic Research	pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base	39
9456984674	Hypothesis	is a testable prediction, often induced by a thy, to enable us to accept, reject, or revise the thy (educational guess)	40
9456986535	Independent variable	a factor, manipulated by the experimenter, and whose effect is studies	41
9456993581	dependent variable	a factor that may change in response to the IV	42
9456997600	Theory	is an explanation that integrates principles, organizes, and predicts behavior or event	43
9456999978	Operational definition	a clear statement of what one is looking for in an experiment	44
9457002506	Validity	it measure what you want it to be measured	45
9457005533	Reliability	it is replicable and is consistent	46
9457007459	Sampling	process by which participants are selected	47
9457009920	Population	the amount of participants that can be selected for the sample	48
9457014569	Representative sample	take the results from a smaller group and apply that to a larger group of people	49
9457016713	Random sample	everyone has an equal chance of being selected for the experiment because the participants are chosen at random	50
9457018646	Control	group that does not take part in the critical part of the experimentation process, used as a comparison group	51
9457021460	Experimenter bias	the experimenter, either unconsciously or consciously, affects the outcome of the experiment	52
9457024010	Single-blind procedure	the subjects do not know to what group they belong Double-blind procedure - neither the experimenter nor the subject knows to what group the subjects are in	53
9457027474	Hawthorne effect	if you know you're being studied, you will act differently than you normally/typically would	54
9457029600	Placebo - sugar pill	something administered that has no real affect on the person other than what they think mentally	55
9457032798	Positive correlation	as one goes up, the other goes up	56
9457035737	Negative correlation	as one goes up, the other goes down	57
9457040549	Survey	a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes, opinions, or behavior of people in a questionnaire, or similar way of ascertaining information	58
9457044209	Naturalistic observation	observing and recording behavior in the wild/natural environment	59
9457046119	Case study	get a full, detailed picture of one participant or a small group of participants	60
9457048534	Mean	average of the scores - add them up and divide by total number of scores	61
9457050841	Median	middle score - when all scores are put numerically in order, the middle score	62
9457052872	Mode	the most frequently occurring score in the distribution	63
9457055425	Range	the lowest score subtracted from the higher score	64
9457058272	Standard Deviation	the average distance of scores around the mean	65
9457060710	z-score	a type of standard score that tells us how many standard deviation units a given score is above or below the mean for that group	66