[APES] Earth systems and resources Flashcards

6164464120	Core	the innermost zone of the planet made out of nickel and iron	0
6164464121	Mantle	above the core containing magma (molten rock)	1
6164464122	Crust	the outermost layer of the planet; what we walk on	2
6164464123	Lithosphere	the brittle outermost layer of the planet (about 100km thick)	3
6164464124	Asthenosphere	the outermost part of the mantle, composed of semi-molten rock	4
6164464125	Mesosphere	"meso" means middle. rock in this layer flows more slowly than in the asthenosphere	5
6164464126	Outer core	liquid layer composed of nickel and iron	6
6164464127	inner core	dense solid layer made of nickel and iron	7
6164464128	what are the pros (environmental) of volcanoes?	creates new land, releases nutrients, commercially valuable products such as: pumice, metals, stones).	8
6164464129	Plate Tectonics	the theory that states that Earth's surface is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion	9
6164464130	Oceanic plates	lie primarily below the ocean; crust is dense and rich with iron	10
6164464131	Continental plates	lie beneath the land masses; made of lighter materials like silicon dioxide; this less dense material makes plates rise above oceanic when they collide.	11
6164464132	Divergent Boundaries	plates moving away from each other to create new land. This movement creates valleys, rifts, and ridges	12
6164464133	Mid ocean ridges	a deep underwater mountain range formed by diverging oceanic plates. EX: Mid-Atlantic Ridge	13
6164464134	Rift Valleys	A long, straight, deep valley produced by the separation of crustal plates. EX: Great rift valley	14
6164464135	Convergent Boundaries	plates move toward each other, often destroying land; this forms mountain ranges	15
6164464136	Subduction Zones	when the MORE dense plate is pushed underneath the LESS dense plate forming volcanoes and a trench	16
6164464137	Transform Fault	where plates slide past each other resulting in earthquakes	17
6164464138	what are the three plate movements?	Convergent, Divergent, and Transform	18
6164464139	Fault Zone	large expanses of rock where movement has occurred	19
6164464140	Epicenter	the exact point on the surface of earth directly above the location where the rock raptures	20
6164464141	Richter Scale	a measure of the largest ground movement that occurs during an earthquake	21
6164464142	Tsunamis	are a large series of waves caused by sudden movement in the ocean floor	22
6164464143	Rock cycle	the constant formation and destruction of rocks	23
6164464144	Igneous Rock	Rocks that form directly from magma	24
6164464145	Sedimentary Rock	form when sediment such as mud, sand, or gravels are compressed by overlaying sediments	25
6164464146	Metamorphic Rocks	form when sedimentary, igneous or other rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressure.	26
6164464147	Physical weathering	the mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals	27
6164464148	Chemical weathering	the breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions	28
6164464149	Erosion	the physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem	29
6164464150	Deposition	the accumulation of eroded material such as sediment, rock fragments or soil	30
6164464151	Parent Material	what the soil is made from influences of soil formation (C Horizon)	31
6164464152	O Horizon	(organic layer) composed of the leaves, needles, twigs and animal bodies on the surface	32
6164464153	A Horizon	(topsoil) the zone of organic materials and minerals mixed together	33
6164464154	B Horizon	(subsoil) composed primarily of inertial material with very little organic matter	34
6164464155	C Horizon	(parent) the least weathered horizon and is similar to the parent material	35
6164464156	strip mining	removing strips of soil and rock to expose ore	36
6164464157	Open pit mining	the creation of a large pit or hole in the ground that is visible from the surface	37
6164464158	Mountain top removal	removing the entire mountain top with explosives	38
6164464159	Placer mining	looking for metals and stones in river sediments	39
6164464160	Texture	Determined by the percent of sand, silt and clay in the soil	40
6164464161	Fossil Fuels	Deposits of organic molecules that are eventually transformed into deposits of oil, gas, or coal	41