AP Language & Composition Terms Flashcards

7805069517	SOAPS	A method for rhetorical analysis. S=Subject O=Occasion A=Audience P=Purpose S=Speaker	0
7805072903	Allusion	A reference to another literary work, mythology, history, pop culture, etc. outside of the present work.	1
7805072904	Analogy	Drawing a comparison to show a similarity in some respect. It is assumed that what applies to a parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance.	2
8876657911	Anaphora	Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row.	3
8876674976	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause that a pronoun refers to.	4
8876683490	Antithesis	The presentation of two contrasting ideas. The ideas are balance by phrase, clause, or paragraphs.	5
8876705883	Apostrophe	When a speaker address someone/something that isn't there. Ex. "HOBBES! What are you saying?"	6
8876726996	Argumentation	Writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation.	7
8876760582	Asyndeton	Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words, speeds up flow of sentence. Ex: X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z.	8
8876784350	Colloquialism	Slang in writing, used often to create a local color and to provide an informal tone. Ex: "That dawg don't hunt."	9
8876805634	Deductive Reasoning	Reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect). Ex: "Teenagers cause the most car accidents. You're a teenager, you will get in a car accident."	10
8876831540	Dependent Clause	Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence, even though it has a subject and a verb.	11
8876842477	Diction	The author's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning.	12
8876855504	Dramatic Irony	In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work.	13
8876877886	Epitrophe	Repetition of a word or expression at the end of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect. Opposite of anaphora. Ex: "When I was a child, I spoke like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child."	14
8876926540	Ethos	The speakers credibility; an appeal based on the character/reputation/credibility of the speaker.	15
8876941647	Euphemism	A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. Ex: "He went to his final reward." rather than "He died."	16
8876963815	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor that continues beyond its initial use, can be developed at great length.	17
8876975594	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	18
8876992227	Hyperbole	Deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	19
8876999723	Independent Clause	Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb.	20
8877015662	Inductive Reasoning	Reasoning from detailed facts to general principles. Ex: "All of the ice we have examined so far is cold. Therefore, all ice is cold."	21
8877030981	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	22
8877042262	Juxtaposition	Placing to elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast.	23
8877053281	Logos	An appeal based on logic or reason.	24
8877058786	Metaphor	A comparison of two unlike things, not using like or as. Ex: "Your eyes are stars."	25
8877077062	Metonymy	A type of metaphor in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Ex: "The White House declare," from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substituted name."	26
8877111866	Oxymoron	A figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Ex: "Jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness"	27
8877128540	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection appears to contain some level of truth or validity. Ex: "I'm lying to you right now."	28
8877158382	Parallelism	Similarity in structure and syntax in a series of related words, phrases, clauses, sentences, or paragraphs that develops balance. Ex: "When you are right, you cannot be too radical; when you are wrong you cannot be too conservative." -MLK	29
8877187390	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect/ridicule.	30
8877205858	Pathos	An appeal based on emotion.	31
8877215231	Pedantic Tone	Describes a tone that borders on lecturing, and is overly complex, scholarly, distant, and difficult.	32
8877231769	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	33
8877251400	Personification	Assigning human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts.	34
8877264867	Point of View	Who tells a story and how it is told. (1st, 2nd, 3rd limited, 3rd omniscient)	35
8877284568	Polysyndeton	Deliberate use of many conjuctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted. Hemingway and the Bible use extensively. Ex: "He ran and jumped and laughed for joy."	36
8877309124	Prose	The literary genre that is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech. Opposite of verse.	37
8877320916	Sarcasm	Bitter, caustic language designed to hurt or ridicule someone or something. Often satirical or verbally ironic.	38
8877333302	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Often uses imitation, irony, and/or sarcasm.	39
8877358559	Simile	A comparison using like or as.	40
8877361851	Situational Irony	A type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected.	41
8877372242	Stream-of-consciousness	A narrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that might be.	42
8877389623	Symbol	Anything that represents, stands for, something else. Usually concrete- such as an object, action, character, or scene- that represents something more abstract.	43
8877408843	Synecdoche	Part as representative of the whole. Ex: "All hands on deck."	44
8877419474	Syntax	The grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	45
8877424759	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually unstated in fictional works, nut in nonfiction may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing.	46
8877455841	Third Person Omniscient Point of View	In which an all-knowing narrator who is privy to the thoughts and actions of any or all characters.	47
8877468860	Tone	Attitudes or presuppositions of the author that are revealed by their linguistic choices (diction, syntax, rhetorical devices)	48
8877489419	Understatement	The opposite of an exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	49
8877504302	Unreliable Narrator	A narrator whose account of events appears to be faulty, misleading, biased, or otherwise distorted.	50
8877519485	Verbal Irony	In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning.	51
8877529878	Voice	Two definitions/uses: 1.) Refers to the total "sound" of the writers style. 2.) Refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive).	52