AP Language Common Terms Flashcards

7566372962	Definition	Gives a meaning to. There are three types	0
7566372963	Formal	Dictionary: explains by giving class it belongs to and how it differs from other members of class	1
7566372964	Stipulative	States the specific way a term is to be used	2
7566372965	Extended	Going beyond a literal meaning to explain the significance, associations, private meanings, and person associated with word/terms	3
7566372966	Comparison	Point out similarities. Contrast points out both similarities AND differences. Important in decision making as it allows for one to examine features of two or more subjects.	4
7566372967	Contrast	Points out differences	5
7566372968	Cause and Effect	Examines Reasons and Results	6
7566372969	Cause	When one explores the reasons for an event	7
7566372970	Effects	Identifies the result of an event.	8
7566372971	Persuasion	Convinced a reader to adopt a particular view or take particular action while appealing to emotion, values, and beliefs	9
7566372972	Exemplification	Using examples to support, explain, or clarify a generalization	10
7566372973	Illustration	To literally show, with pictures, how to do something, or, create an argument through visuals	11
7566372974	Classification	Taking a number of Items and grouping them into categories	12
7566372975	Division	Takes on entity and breaks it down into parts. I.e English department is broken into different grade levels and sections of classes	13
7566372976	Process Analysis	Explaining how something works or how it is made or done	14
7566372977	Directional	Gives the steps of the procedure the reader should perform i.e instruction booklet	15
7566372978	Explanatory	Gives the steps of a procedure that a reader will no perform i.e photosynthesis in biology book.	16
7566372979	Description	Using words to explain what something looks, sounds, smells, or tastes like. Spatial or Progressive writing orders are often used.	17
7566372980	Satire	Piece of Writing that makes fun of or ridicules a target to make a point	18
7566372981	Argument by Analogy	An argument from the particular to the particular. In other words, using a particular truth in a premise to argue towards a similar particular truth in the conclusion	19
7566372982	Narrative	Writing that Tells a Story	20
7566372983	Ethos	Appeals to the writer's character. Can be thought of as the role of the writer in the argument, how credible he and his argument is	21
7566372984	Pathos	Appeal to emotions and the sympathetic imagination, as well as to beliefs and values. Can be thought of as the role of the audience in the argument	22
7566372985	Logos	appeals to logic or reason. Can be thought of the text of the argument and how well the writer has argued his point	23
7566372986	Chronological	Arrange details across time. The event that occurred first written first; the event that occurred second is written second; and so on	24
7566372987	Spatial	Arrange details as they appear across space- front to back, near to far, top to bottom, left to right etc.	25
7566372988	Progressive	Arrange details from the least to the most important, interesting, surprising, and so on. Allows for a big finish	26
7566372989	Metaphor	Refers to one thing as if it were another unlike thing, without using the words like, as resembles, or than.	27
7566372990	Extended Metaphors	Developed through an entire piece	28
7566372991	Analogy	Comparing one thing to another as a way to explain the first item or idea more clearly. i.e arguing through a metaphor	29
7566372992	Allusion	Direct reference to a mythological story, religious text or other pieces of Well-known literature	30
7566372993	Imagery	The total effect of related sensory images in a work of literature	31
7566372994	Paradox	A statement that appears contradictory but has some truth behind it	32
7566372995	Motif	The repetition or variations of an image or an idea in a work used to develop the Universal Idea or characters	33
7566372996	Cacophony	Harsh or discordant sounds in a literary work	34
7566372997	Parallelism/Parallel Structure	The repetition of similar grammatical structures to express similar or related ideas	35
7566372998	Point of View	The method of narration in a literary work	36
7566372999	Symbol	Something that's stands for something else, mainly ambiguous concepts or ideas. i.e American flag equals freedom	37
7566373000	Style	The unique way in which an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular_________.	38
7566373001	Hyperbole	An exaggeration, or overstatement, for effect	39
7566373002	Rhetorical Question	questions that don't require an answer. There are four kinds	40
7566373003	Asking the Reader	Addressing the question to the reader expecting the reader to consider the answer	41
7566373004	Asking the writer	When the writer asks themselves the question- suggests the writing process	42
7566373005	Criticizing	When the writer criticizes in the form of a question	43
7566373006	Asking and Answering	Writer asks and Answers question. May serve to aid in organization of the paper	44
7566373007	Understatement	Opposite of hyperbole. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended	45
7566373008	Dialogue	Conversation between two or more people within the story	46
7566373009	Connotation	Interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning	47
7566373010	Denotation	Literal or dictionary meaning of the word	48
7566373011	Euphemism	A more acceptable way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable	49
7566373012	Onomatopoeia	Words that sound like the sound they represent	50
7566373013	Labeling	Putting a new name on a concept in order to illustrate a particular point concerning that concept	51
7566373014	Antithesis	Presentation of two contrasting images/ideas. The ideas are balanced by words, phrases, clauses, or paragraphs	52
7566373015	Ambiguity	Vagueness in interpretation of meanings	53
7566373016	Anecdote	Using a story from your experience, or someone else's experience, as evidence	54
7566373017	Alliteration	Repetition of the same sound at the beginning of successive words	55
7566373018	Pun	A play on words that often has a comic effect. Associated with wit and cleverness	56
7566373019	Assonance	Repetition of sounds within words	57
7566373020	Juxtaposition	Putting two opposite situations in relation to one another; contrasting ideas or views	58
7566373021	Metonymy	Refers to a person, place, or thing by the name of something closely associated with it	59
7566373022	Time Shifts	When sections of the work are written in other than chronological order	60
7566373023	Flashback	Device that allows for a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, or episodes	61
7566373024	Foreshadow	Allows for a writer to show or indicate an event, or idea, beforehand	62
7566373025	Monologue	A speech given by one character	63
7566373026	Dramatic	Usually verse composition in which a speaker reveals his character often in relation to a critical situation or event	64
7566373027	Interior	Piece of writing expressing a character's inner thoughts	65
7566373028	Diction	The authors choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning	66
7566373029	Colloquial	Use of slang in writing; often to create local color and provide an informal tone	67
7566373030	Technical	Formal use of words that belong to the subject area.	68
7566373031	Poetic	Vocabulary, usage, and phrasing appropriate for verse	69
7566373032	Didactic	Purpose is to instruct or teach; usually formal and focus on moral and ethical concerns	70
7566373033	Syntax	The way in which words are ordered; grammatical structure. Basic is subject-verb pattern. Changing this pattern allows the reader to emphasize words or points	71
7566373034	Complex Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	72
7566373035	Abrupt	Consisting of short sentences or even sentence fragments	73
7566373036	Juxtaposed	Joining two opposite clauses together using commas, semicolons, and colons. Forms elliptical meanings	74
7566373037	Rhythmic	Recurring alteration of strong and weak elements in the flow of sound and silence in sentences	75
7566373038	Prosaic	Writing with greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and corresponding closer to patterns of everyday speech	76
7566373039	Inverted	The verb comes before the subject; often used for questions	77
7566373040	Periodic Sentences	A sentence that presents the main idea at the end for emphasis and sentence variety	78
7566373041	Loose sentences	A sentence that ends in a subordinate clause or a modifying phrase	79
7566373042	Fallacies	A mistake in an argument	80
7566373043	Ad hominem	attack on a person rather than the opponents ideas	81
7566373044	Slippery Slope	Based on premise of A happens, then through small steps, eventually Z will happen, therefore, in order to prevent Z, we should not encourage A	82
7566373045	Hasty Generalization	Rushing to a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence	83
7566373046	Red herring	Diversionary tactic by avoiding the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them	84
7566373047	Circular Argument	restates the argument rather than actually proving it	85
7566373048	either/or	Oversimplifying the argument by reducing it to only two sides	86
7566373049	Genetic	Conclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute or theory determine its character	87
7566373050	Tone	The way the author feels towards the subject	88
7566373051	Atmosphere	Is created by the tone set by the author	89
7566373052	Mood	The feeling the reader experiences	90