AP Language Vocabulary 2 Flashcards
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| 9202238307 | Ad Hominem Argument | Latin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker |  | 0 |
| 9202238308 | Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal) | This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." |  | 1 |
| 9202238309 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning |  | 2 |
| 9202238310 | Allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something that is commonly known. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical. |  | 3 |
| 9202238311 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |  | 4 |
| 9202238312 | Analogy | A similarity or relationship between two things. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar. |  | 5 |
| 9202238313 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun |  | 6 |
| 9202238314 | Antithesis | A figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction. |  | 7 |
| 9202238315 | Appeal to False Authority | This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority. |  | 8 |
| 9202238316 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction. |  | 9 |
| 9202238318 | Asyndenton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. |  | 10 |
| 9202238319 | Attitude | A writer's position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing. |  | 11 |
| 9202238320 | Caricature | A representation in which the subject's features are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. |  | 12 |
| 9202238321 | Concession | An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. |  | 13 |
| 9202238322 | Connotations | Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition. Connotations are positive or negative. |  | 14 |
| 9202238323 | Context | The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. |  | 15 |
| 9202238324 | Counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward |  | 16 |
| 9202238325 | Chiasmus | A figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms. |  | 17 |
| 9202238327 | Colloquialism | Slang or informality in speech or writing |  | 18 |
| 9202238333 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or a surprising analogy between two dissimilar objects. |  | 19 |
| 9202238335 | denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word. |  | 20 |
| 9202238336 | diction | related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices. Examples of diction include, formal or informal, ornate or plain. |  | 21 |
| 9202238337 | didactic | didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially teaching moral or ethical principals |  | 22 |
| 9202238338 | ethos | A speaker's expertise, knowledge, experience, sincerity, and common purpose with the audience are examples of how a speaker demonstrates they are credible and trustworthy. |  | 23 |
| 9202238339 | euphemism | a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts |  | 24 |
| 9202238340 | extended metaphor | a metaphor developed at great length |  | 25 |
| 9202238341 | homily | This term literally means, "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. |  | 26 |
| 9202238342 | hyperbole | a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement |  | 27 |
| 9202238343 | imagery | the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions |  | 28 |
| 9202238344 | infer | to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. Inferences are not directly stated. |  | 29 |
| 9202238345 | irony | the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. |  | 30 |
| 9202238346 | juxtaposition | placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas closely together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast. |  | 31 |
| 9202238347 | logical fallacy | A mistake in verbal reasoning. The reasoning must be potentially deceptive. |  | 32 |
| 9202238348 | metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of unlike things. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought-provoking, and meaningful. |  | 33 |
| 9202238349 | rhetorical mode: exposition | writing that intends to inform and demonstrate a point | 34 | |
| 9202238350 | rhetorical mode: narration | writing that tells a story or relates a series of events | 35 | |
| 9202238351 | rhetorical mode: description | writing that creates sensory images, often evoking a mood or atmosphere | 36 | |
| 9202238352 | rhetorical mode: argumentation | writing that takes a stand on an issue and supports it with evidence and logical reasoning | 37 | |
| 9202238353 | onomatopoeia | a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sound of words |  | 38 |
| 9202238354 | parallelism/parallel construction/parallel structure | the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity |  | 39 |
| 9202238355 | parody | a work that closely imitates the style or content of another work with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule |  | 40 |
| 9202238356 | pathos | a speaker's intent to inspire an emotional reaction in an audience |  | 41 |
| 9202238357 | personification | a figure of speech in which the author endows an inanimate object with human qualities or characteristics |  | 42 |
| 9202238358 | point of view--first person | The perspective from which a story is told. 1st person--tells the story with the pronoun "I" and is a character in the story. |  | 43 |
| 9202238359 | point of view--third person limited omniscient | Uses "he," "she," and "it." Limited omniscient--the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character |  | 44 |
| 9202238360 | prose | Prose refers to fiction and nonfiction. Prose is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech. |  | 45 |
| 9202238361 | repetition | The duplication of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 46 | |
| 9202238362 | rhetoric | Greek for "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively |  | 47 |
| 9202238363 | logos | employs logical reasoning, combining a clear idea with well-thought-out and appropriate examples and details |  | 48 |
| 9202238364 | rhetorical appeals | The persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to a given work. |  | 49 |
| 9202238365 | oxymoron | a paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words |  | 50 |
| 9202238368 | polysyndeton | The deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. |  | 51 |
| 9202238369 | propaganda | The spread of ideas and information to further a cause |  | 52 |
| 9202238374 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it. |  | 53 |
| 9202238375 | synecdoche | figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. Ex. "All hands on deck!" |  | 54 |
| 9202238376 | Zeugma | The use of a word to modify two or more words when it is appropriate to use only one of them or is appropriate to use each but in a different way. Ex. "To wage war and peace" or "On his fishing trip he caught three trout and a cold." |  | 55 |
| 9202238377 | rhetorical question | a question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply |  | 56 |
| 9202238378 | satire | a work that targets human vices and follies, or societal institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule |  | 57 |
| 9202238379 | simile | an explicit comparison, using "like" or "as" |  | 58 |
| 9202238380 | style | An evaluation of a sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. |  | 59 |
| 9202238381 | syllogism | A deductive system of formal logic that presents to premises--the first one called major and the second minor--that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. |  | 60 |
| 9202238382 | symbol | An object, action, character, scene, or idea that represents something more abstract. |  | 61 |
| 9202238383 | syntax | the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences |  | 62 |
| 9202238384 | theme | the central idea or message of a work. Themes should be expressed in complete sentences by combining the topic with a verb. Ex. Forgiveness is earned through sacrifice. |  | 63 |
| 9202238385 | thesis | The thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition. |  | 64 |
| 9202238386 | tone | tone describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both. |  | 65 |
| 9202238387 | mood | The dominant impression or emotional atmosphere evoked by a text. Ex. Mood is how "you" feel after reading a text. |  | 66 |
| 9202238388 | transition | a word or phrase that links different ideas or effectively signals a shift from one idea to another. | 67 | |
| 9202238389 | rhetorical strategies | A global term that refers to all the strategies an author can use. Ex. structure, purpose, style |  | 68 |
| 9202238390 | begging the question | A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" a question whether the support itself is sound. |  | 69 |
| 9202238391 | Either/Or (false dilemma) | In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices. |  | 70 |
| 9202238393 | Hasty generalization | A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate information. Ex. Smoking isn't bad for you; my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90. |  | 71 |
| 9202238395 | occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written |  | 72 |