AP Euro Chapter 27 Flashcards

9598957882	Totalitarianism	Radical dictatorship that takes control of the economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of society and takes away the beliefs and behavior of its citizens	0
9598957883	Fascism	Movement characterized by expansionist nationalism, antisoicalism, a violent leader, and a glorificaton of war and the military.	1
9598957884	Eugenics	Selective Breeding of humans to "improve the general characteristics of society"	2
9598957885	Joseph Stalin	Dictator of the Soviet Union who installed a five year plan to turn the country into a communist society	3
9598957886	Five Year Plan	Stalin's plan to rapidly increase the production of agriculture and industrialization. The principle of collective farming was integrated and many people died of famine.	4
9598957887	Leon Trotsky	A contender in the struggle for power in the USSR after Lenin's death. He was beat out by Stalin.	5
9598957888	Socialism in one country	Stalin's argument that the Russian dominated USSR had the ability to build itself internally.	6
9598957889	Collectivization	The consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state controlled enterprises.	7
9598957890	Kulaks	The better-off peasants who weren't allowed to join collective farms. Many of them starved or were sent to labor camps for "re-education"	8
9598957891	Man-made famine in Ukraine	Mass starvation in Ukraine due to collective farming. 3.5 million people died.	9
9598957892	Stalinist Terror	Stalin started killing off some of his top executives. 16 "Old Bolsheviks" were caught conspiring against him and were executed. Many faithful union officials, managers, intellectuals, army officers, and ordinary citizens were accused of counter-revolutionary activities and 1-2 million people died.	10
9598957893	Mussolini	A socialist party leader and radical newspaper editor who urged Italy to join the Allies and was expelled. He started a gang of "Black Shirts" and slowly took over Italy by causing havoc and rose to power.	11
9598957894	Black Shirts	Mussolini's private militia that helped drive socialism out of Italy.	12
9598957895	Lateran Agreement	a 1929 agreement that recognized the Vatican as a state with Mussolini agreeing to give the church heavy financial support in return for public support from the Pope.	13
9598957896	Nazism	A movement/political party that was driven by intense nationalism and racism, led by Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s.	14
9598957897	Enabling Act	enabled Hitler to get rid of the Reichstag parliament and pass laws without reference to parliament.	15
9598957898	SA purge	The SS arrested and executed about 100 SA leaders and other political enemies.	16
9598957899	Heinrich Himmler	German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews (1900-1945)	17
9598957900	The SS	Hitler's elite security force that along with thousands of collaborators captured and executed millions during the war.	18
9598957901	Gestapo	German secret police	19
9598957902	Nuremberg Laws	1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.	20
9598957903	Kristallnacht	(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.	21
9598957904	Appeasement	A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler. Even though Hitler was not seen as a large threat, the allies appeased him because no one was anxious to have another world war, they believed Hitler could reach peace after he gained some land, and did not think uniting all German speaking people was unreasonable.	22
9598957905	Rome-Berlin Axis	the alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler)	23
9598957906	Spanish Civil War	In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco.	24
9598957907	Francisco Franco	Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini	25
9598957908	Anshluss	Union of Austria and Germany	26
9598957909	Lebensraum	Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people	27
9598957910	Sudetenland	an area in western Czechoslovakia that was coveted by Hitler	28
9598957911	Nazi-Soviet non-aggression Pact	Hitler and Joseph Stalin agreed not to attack each other but divided Poland for an easy win, but Germany didn't keep true to their word and attacked Stalin later	29
9598957912	Poland Invasion	September 1, 1939; invasion made a week after the creation of the Nazi-Soviet Pact; 2 days later WWII started	30
9598957916	Hitler's New Order	included having the Nazis rule and use resources, enslave conquered people, and exterminate "undesirable elements" (Jews, gypsies, Slavs, homosexuals, disabled)	31
9598957931	New Economic Policy	Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private business and farming using markets instead of communist state ownership. His idea was that the Soviet state would just control "the commanding heights" of the economy like major industry, while allowing ordinary citizens to operate business and property ownership as normal. Joseph Stalin ended this in 1928 and replaced it with greater state ownership, collectivization, and a series of Five-Year Plans.	32
9598957932	Communism	A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.	33
9598957933	Ghettos	Sections of towns and cities in which Jews were forced to live.	34