AP Stats-Chapter 1 Flashcards

5794272945	Individuals	the objects described by a set of data, may be people, animals or things	0
5794274294	variable	any characteristic of an individual	1
5794274650	categorical variable	places an individual into one of several groups or categories	2
5794275077	quantitative variable	take numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average	3
5794275470	distribution of a variable	tells us what values the variable takes and how often it takes these values	4
5794279365	pie charts	displays categorical data, best used when you want to emphasize each category's relation to the whole	5
5794280536	bar graphs	displays categorical data, easiest to create and read	6
5794284669	two-way table	organizes data about two categorical variables measured for the same set of individuals, aka contingency table	7
5794292378	marginal distribution	in a two-way table, the distribution of either variable alone; the counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table	8
5794296268	conditional distribution	Describes the values of one variable among individuals who have a specific value of another variable.	9
5794298848	side-by-side bar graph	displays conditional distributions, sometimes a segmented bar graph is used	10
5794304956	association	Relationship between or among variables.	11
5794308795	dot plot	simplest display of quantitative data plotting dots along a horizontal axis, best used for small data sets	12
5794318886	SOCS	describe a distribution using shape, outlier, center, spread	13
5794320823	Symmetric	the shape of a distribution if the right and left sides are approximately mirror images of each other	14
5794323368	Skewed	the shape of a distribution if the right (or left) side of the graph is much longer than the other side	15
5794330175	Unimodal	describes the center of a distribution with a single peak	16
5794331571	Bimodal	describes the center of a distribution with two clear peaks	17
5794337794	stemplot	display of quantitative data giving a quick picture of the shape of distribution while including the actual numerical values in the graph, best used for small data sets	18
5794342472	histogram	display of quantitative data using equal width bars to represent "classes" of data and the frequency (count) or relative frequency (percent) of individuals in each class, not be confused with a bar graph	19
5794363501	mean	arithmetic average, not resistant to outliers	20
5794365513	x-bar	sample mean	21
5794366043	mu	population mean	22
5794367049	median	midpoint of the distribution when data values are in order of size, from smallest to largest, resistant to outliers	23
5794373158	range	describes the spread, largest value in data set minus the smallest value in data set, not resistant to outliers	24
5794374368	IQR	describes the spread, quartile 3 minus quartile 1, resistant to outliers	25
5794377470	Outlier rule	if an observation is more than 1.5xIQR above Q3 or less than 1.5xIQR below Q1	26
5794379574	Five number summary	smallest observation, Q1, median,Q3, largest observation	27
5794380966	boxplot	distribution of a five number summary	28
5794383023	standard deviation	describes the spread, measures the typical distance of the values in a distribution from the mean, not resistant to outliers	29
5794388817	variance	describes the spread, standard deviation squared, not resistant to outliers	30
5794399491	mean and standard deviations	best used when describing roughly symmetric distributions without outliers, most useful for Normal distributions	31
5794401117	median and IQR	best used when describing skewed distributions	32