AP Psychology Unit 4 Flashcards

7581092458	Nervous System Chart		0
7581101091	Peripheral Nervous System	PNS Consists of the rest of the body other than the brain and spinal cord (muscles, bones, glands) Communicates with the CNS	1
7581110974	Central Nervous System	CNS Consists of the brain and spinal cord Controls the PNS	2
7581129185	Reflex Arc	Controlled by the spinal cord "It's a no-brainer"	3
7581133410	Autonomic	Automatic body functions	4
7581138437	Somatic	Sensory and motor functions Afferent and efferent SAME	5
7581142985	Sympathetic	Stress response	6
7581146133	Parasympathetic	Peaceful response	7
7581148966	Neuron Model		8
7581161361	Axon Terminal Branches and Buttons	Sends signal to the next neuron	9
7581164955	Dendrites	Receives signal from another neuron	10
7581168342	Soma	Cell body Fuels the cell	11
7581170903	Nucleus	Control center	12
7581174199	Myelin Sheath	Protects the axon and boosts signal	13
7581177338	Axon	Carries signal throughout the neuron	14
7581185099	Schwann Cell	Produces the myelin sheath	15
7581187867	Node of Ranvier	Boosts signal	16
7581191654	Synapse	Space between neurons	17
7581195804	Synaptic Vesicle	Stores neurotransmitters in terminal branches	18
7581200147	Sensory Neurons	Takes in neurotransmitters Afferent Sensory, Afferent - SAme	19
7581206072	Motor Neurons	Sends out neurotransmitters Efferent Motor, Efferent - saME	20
7581208693	Interneurons	Middlemen between sensory and motor neurons Mostly in brain and spinal cord	21
7581213139	Mirror Neurons	Sophisticated neurons that facilitate empathy and learning by watching someone or something "Monkey see, monkey do"	22
7581224573	Neural Impulse Process	Resting potential Action potential Refractory period Threshold All-or-none response Re-uptake	23
7581240783	Resting Potential	Not firing Polarized NA+ outside and K+ inside Before flushing	24
7581247737	Action Potential	Firing Depolarized NA+ goes in and K+ goes out Flushing	25
7581252250	Refractory Period	Reset time Cannot fire neuron again during this time Can't flush again while its flushing (running water)	26
7581264317	Threshold	Minimum stimulation to trigger impulse Pressure pushing handle	27
7581269651	All-or-none Response	Either the neuron fires completely or not at all Can't unflush after flushing	28
7581277440	Reuptake	Reabsorb neurotransmitters from synapse Shit doesn't flush properly and comes back up	29
7581284378	Neurotransmitters	Chemical messengers	30
7581290054	Acetylcholine	Muscle movement and memory Ach(e) - Ach is the abbreviation for acetylcholine and muscles ache when there's an excess of acetylcholine	31
7581295974	Excess of Acetylcholine	Muscle convulsions	32
7581298911	Deficiency of Acetylcholine	Alzheimer's Paralysis	33
7581306935	Dopamine	Reward/Pleasure Voluntary movement Dope - dope sounds like DOPamine and means good and rewards/pleasure is good	34
7581313067	Excess of Dopamine	Schizophrenia	35
7581316778	Deficiency of Dopamine	Parkinson's Tremors	36
7581321692	Serotonin	Mood and appetite Sir Rotten - Sir Rotten looks kind of like serotonin and represents a man with mood swings and serotonin affects mood	37
7581326736	Excess of Serotonin	Headaches and tremors	38
7581330272	Deficiency of Serotonin	Depression	39
7581332801	Norepinephrine	Alertness and mood Adrenaline - adrenaline is the same thing as epinephrine	40
7581341568	Excess of Norepinephrine	Anxiety	41
7581344367	Deficiency of Norepinephrine	Depression	42
7581344368	GABA	Inhibitory Alcohol - alcohol inhibits brain function and slows you down	43
7581349831	Excess of GABA	lethargic	44
7581352798	Deficiency of GABA	Huntington's Anxiety	45
7581355279	Glutamate	Excitatory Coffee - coffee excites your brain and makes you hyper	46
7581358044	Excess of Glutamate	Overstimulation Headaches Seizure	47
7581363089	Deficiency of Glutamate	Fatigue Chronic pain	48
7581366523	Endorphin	Body's natural painkiller Influences mood and pain level	49
7581372547	Neuropeptide	Similar to a neurotransmitter	50
7603116029	Agonist	Mimics neurotransmitter or boosts it	51
7603129062	Antagonist	Blocks neurotransmitter	52
7603133986	Brainstem	Medulla Pons Retucular Activating System (THALAMUS IS NOT A PART OF THE BRAINSTEM)	53
7603143577	Medulla	Automatic critical functions Breathing, heart rate, swallowing MEDulla - MEDic helps you maintain vital functions	54
7603319714	Pons	Regulates sleep and dreams Yawns - yawns rhymes with pons and you yawn when you're sleepy	55
7603335677	Reticular Activating System	Arousal and alertness R.A.S. - Rise and Shine in the morning after you wake up and become alert	56
7603350763	Thalamus	Sensory relay system	57
7603393813	Limbic System	Hippocampus Amygdala Hypothalamus	58
7603400408	Hippocampus	Explicit memory Learning	59
7603404372	Amygdala	Negative emotions Fear, anger, aggression	60
7603408260	Hypothalamus	Food, feelings, fight/flight, fever, f*cking (sex drive)	61
7603452869	Cerebral Cortex	Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe	62
7603471847	Frontal Lobe	Thinking, decision making, planning Motor cortex Broca's area	63
7603479170	Motor Cortex	Movement	64
7603479171	Broca's Area	Speech production Left side of frontal lobe	65
7603487601	Parietal Lobe	Processes sensory info Sensory cortex	66
7603492050	Sensory Cortex	Pain, twitch, temperature In the parietal lobe	67
7603498495	Occipital Lobe	Processes vision	68
7603503316	Temporal Lobe	Processes sound	69
7603503319	Wernicke's Area	Where temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe meet Responsible for speech and language comprehension	70
7603516162	Association Areas	Highly developed areas of the brain responsible for specific mental functions	71
7603522678	Aphasia	Speech disorder	72
7603528085	Corpus Callosum	Thick band of fibers that separates right and left hemisphere	73
7603531703	Cerebellum	Balance and coordination	74
7603536519	Brain Plasticity	Brains ability to create new connections throughout a lifetime Can be in response to damage or learning	75
7603559172	Corpus Callosotomy	Split-brain procedure Used to treat seizures and epilepsy	76
7603572365	Dual Processing	Information is simultaneously processed in conscious or subconscious	77
7603579612	Left Hemisphere	Controls right side of the body Processes right visual field Controls speaking	78
7603588008	Right Hemisphere	Controls left side of the body Processes left visual field Recognized faces (visual)	79
7603596016	Hormones	Chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream	80
7603612911	Endocrine System	Pituitary gland Pineal gland Adrenal gland Pancreas Sex glands	81
7603618252	Pituitary Gland	Produces oxytocin and human growth hormone	82
7603633236	Oxytocin	Causes contractions during childbirth	83
7603644798	Human Growth Hormone	Causes people to grow	84
7603649701	Pineal Gland	Produces melatonin	85
7603655092	Melatonin	Controls sleep	86
7603662844	Adrenal Gland	Produces adrenaline and cortisol	87
7603667580	Adrenaline	Fight or flight response Increases blood circulation	88
7603672090	Cortisol	Stress	89
7603676335	Pancreas	Produces insulin	90
7603680204	Insulin	Regulates blood sugar and metabolism	91
7603696642	Sex Glands	Testes and Ovaries Produces testosterone and estrogen	92
7603710060	PET	Positron Emission Tomography Invasive scan Radioactive injection Reads brain consuming material which show function/brain activity	93
7603727381	EEG	Electroencephalogram Noninvasive scan Looks at function of electrical activity in brain Sleep studies	94
7603736456	MRI	Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnets to look at structure of brain	95
7603742584	fMRI	Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Provides us with structure and function Measures blood flow	96
7603752996	CT/CAT	High powered x-ray Shows major brain tumors Structure only	97
7603758762	Behavior Genetics	The study of the relative power and limits of genetics and environmental influences on behavior	98
7603765573	Monozygotic	Identical twins One egg splits into two	99
7603771889	Dizygotic	Fraternal twins Separate eggs No closer than regular siblings but they share the same fetal environment	100
7603780300	Heritability	The extent to which individuals can be attributed to their differing genes	101
7603785699	Epigenetics	The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change	102
7603792446	Mutation	A random error in gene replication that leads to a change	103
7603900922	Paul Broca	Broca's Area and speech production	104
7603904479	Carl Wernicke	Wernicke's Area and speech and language comprehension	105
7603912458	Roger Sperry	Discovered brain is actually made up of two parts Found that left and right brain operate independently	106
7603925808	Michael Gazzaniga	Continued split-brain research after Sperry Came up with "cognitive neuroscience"	107