Ap Biology Chapter 16 Flashcards

6020014298	Transformation	A change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA	0
6020020655	Bacteriophages	Viruses that infect bacteria	1
6020022695	Phosphorus	The element that DNA contains	2
6020027355	Sulfur	The element that proteins contain	3
6020032531	Semi-conservative model	Predicts that when a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have one strand and one newly made strand	4
6020039892	Replication fork	A Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongated	5
6020046057	Helicases	Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks	6
6020051906	Single strand binding protein	Binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template	7
6020102144	Topoisomerase	Corrects over-winding ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands	8
6020114222	Primase	Synthesizes an RNA primer at the 5' end of the leading strand and of each Okazaki fragment of the lagging strand	9
6020122082	DNA polymerase	Enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork	10
6020134750	Pyrophosphate	Two phosphate groups that are lost as each monomer of dATP joins the DNA	11
6020144469	Leading strand	The strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase along one template strand of DNA	12
6020180805	Lagging strand	The strand that is synthesized in a series of segments and has DNA polymerase working away from the replication fork	13
6020203621	Okazaki strands	The series of short segments on the lagging strand that must be joined together by DNA ligase	14
6020219605	DNA ligase	Joins the 3' end of DNA, that replaces primer, to the rest of the leading strand and joins the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand	15
6020222548	Mismatch fragments	Repair enzymes correct enzymes correct errors in base pairing of DNA	16
6020232777	Nucleotide excision repair	A nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA	17
6020282763	DNA pol 1	Removes RNA nucleotides of the primer from the 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides	18
6020389366	DNA pol III	Using parental DNA as a template, this synthesizes a new DNA strand by covalently adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a pre-existing DNA strand or primer	19