AP Comparative Mexico Flashcards

7317561634	Camarilla	In Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, a politician's personal following in a patron-client relationship.	0
7317561635	Cartel	A formal organization of producers that agree to coordinate prices and production	1
7317561636	Caudillos	Military dictator; gained control after independence movements	2
7317561637	Chiapas	southern Mexican state which had large groups of Native Americans, where rebels took up arms and challenged the gov't, demanding land reform and Native American rights	3
7317561638	Civic Culture	a political culture in which citizens widely share a belief in the legitimacy of their regime and a trust in the government; therefore the citizens demonstrate restraint in their demands on the government	4
7317561639	Clientelism	an informal aspect of policymaking in which a powerful patron offers resources such as land, contacts, protection or jobs in return for the support and services of lower-status and less powerful clients; corruption, preferential treatment and inequality are characteristic of clientelist politics	5
7317561640	Co-optation	The process by which individuals are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state, making them dependent on the state for certain rewards	6
7317561641	Corporatist state	A state in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state structure.	7
7317561642	Creoles	In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples.	8
7317561643	GATT	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; A United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and import quotas	9
7317561644	Haciendas	Large Spanish colonial estates usually owned by wealthy families but worked by many peasants	10
7317561645	Import substitution	a government policy that uses trade restrictions and subsidies to encourage domestic production of manufactured goods	11
7317561646	Mestizos	A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory	12
7317561647	"Mexican Miracle"	a period from the 1940s to the 1970s wherein rapid industrialization promoted high levels of economic growth and improved living standards, which gave rise to a new middle class with rising expectations. "model" for other nations. illusion died in '80's when economy crashed, politics were chaotic, and ethnic clashes started.	13
7317561648	Missions	Religious settlements run by Catholic priests and friars	14
7317561649	Mulattoes	In colonial Latin America, Spanish/African who were denied basic political, economic, and social rights due to their mixed heritage.	15
7317561650	NAFTA	A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.	16
7317561651	neoliberalism	A strategy for economic development that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention in the economy.	17
7317561652	Patron clientelism	a system in which the state provides specific benefits or favors to a single person or small group in return for public support.	18
7317561653	PEMEX	Mexican Petroleum; a government agency that runs the oil industry in Mexico	19
7317561654	Peninsulares	Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class	20
7317561655	Porfiriato	the long period of rule by Mexico's Porfirio Diaz, 1876-1911, often cited as a prime example of neocolonialism in Latin America. Diaz imposed strict political control, encouraged European and US investment. Influences of the Porfiriato are: stability, authoritarianism, foreign investment and economic growth, and growing gap between the rich and the poor.	21
7317561656	PRI	The national government of Mexico coalesced into one single governing party; Party of the Institutionalized Revolution; dominant political party in Mexico; incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors; controlled other political organizations in Mexico.	22
7317561657	sexenio	The six-year administration of Mexican presidents	23
7317561658	technicos	educated, business-oriented leaders; moderate, free-market approach to politics; took control of the PRI in the 1970's	24
7317561659	Zapatistas	Guerilla movement named in honor of Emiliano Zapata; originated in 1994 in Mexico's southern state of Chiapas; government responded with a combination of repression and negotiation	25
7317561660	Mexico		26
7317561661	Brazil		27
7317561662	Argentina		28
7317561663	Cuba		29
7317561664	Haiti		30
7317561665	Panama		31
7317561666	Colombia		32
7317561667	Venezuela	3AB, 4A	33
7317561668	Guatemala		34
7317561669	Nicaragua		35
7317561670	Peru	2A	36