AP Biology: Central Dogma Flashcards
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| 8832436442 | Central Dogma of Biology | DNA codes for RNA, which guides the synthesis of proteins |  | 0 |
| 8836963995 | mRNA | messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome |  | 1 |
| 8836968831 | tRNA | transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome |  | 2 |
| 8836973005 | rRNA | ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome |  | 3 |
| 8836984013 | RNAi | Introduction of double-stranded RNA into a cell to inhibit gene expression | 4 | |
| 8837000235 | microRNA (miRNA) | small single stranded RNA molecules that bind to mRNA and can degrade mRNA or block its translation | 5 | |
| 8839052244 | siRNA | Short interfering RNA; designed by people to insert into DNA to mimic microRNA mechanism | 6 | |
| 8839059169 | Transcription | Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA (occurs in nucleus) |  | 7 |
| 8839069988 | RNA Splicing | The removal of introns from the RNA molecule after initial synthesis. |  | 8 |
| 8839070924 | Introns | Noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding sequences. |  | 9 |
| 8839070928 | Exons | Coding segments of eukaryotic DNA. | 10 | |
| 8839075507 | Initiation | Results in transcription initiation complex. First step in transcription. |  | 11 |
| 8839089322 | Promoters | Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |  | 12 |
| 8839090555 | Transcription factors | A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes |  | 13 |
| 8839093334 | TATA Box | A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex. |  | 14 |
| 8839105793 | Elongation | RNA nucleotides are added to the chain. Middle step in transcription. |  | 15 |
| 8839109392 | Termination | The disengagement of polymerase from the DNA template strand, ending transcription. | 16 | |
| 8839124953 | Translation | Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced (occurs in cytoplasm at ribosomes) |  | 17 |
| 8839135100 | Ribosomal subunits | Composed of proteins and ribosomal rRNA. Location of protein synthesis. |  | 18 |
| 8839143210 | P Site | holds the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain | 19 | |
| 8839143211 | A Site | Holds tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the chain | 20 | |
| 8839143212 | E Site | Exit site, where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome | 21 | |
| 8839146852 | Codons | The three-base sequence of nucleotides in mRNA |  | 22 |
| 8926313773 | Ribozymes | RNA molecules that function as enzymes | 23 | |
| 8926321128 | Spliceosomes | Special molecules that assist in the editing of mRNA during RNA processing. | 24 | |
| 8926453108 | Translation in Eukaryotes | 25 |