AP Inheritance Flashcards
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| 9874126669 | Alleles | alternate versions of a gene | 0 | |
| 9874126670 | Law of Segregation | the 2 alleles for a heritable character seperate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes | 1 | |
| 9874126671 | Testcross | breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote (pp) to discover if an unknown is PP or Pp | 2 | |
| 9874126672 | Monohybrid cross | heterozygous for one particular character being followed in a cross (Pp) | 3 | |
| 9874126674 | Dihybrid cross | cross between 2 organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being followed(YyRr) | 4 | |
| 9874126678 | Polygenic inheritance | a single phenotypic character is affected by two or more genes no dominance Ex: skin color | 5 | |
| 9874126684 | Law of independent assortment | the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another - Metaphase I | 6 | |
| 9874126685 | Wild type | the phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations | 7 | |
| 9874126686 | Sex-linked gene | a gene located on either sex chromosome | 8 | |
| 9874126689 | Complete dominance | heterozygous phenotype same as that of homozygous dominant |  | 9 |
| 9874126690 | Incomplete dominance | Blending Heterozygous phenotype intermediate between the 2 homozygous phenotypes |  | 10 |
| 9874126691 | Codominance | Sharing BOTH phenotypes expressed in heterozygotes - blood type |  | 11 |
| 9874126692 | Multiple alleles | in the whole population, some genes have more than two alleles - ABO blood group alleles (Ia, Ib, i) | 12 | |
| 9874126693 | Pleiotropy | One gene is able to affect multiple phenotypic characters - sickle cell disease - Aa --> 6 fingers, missing teeth, extra kidney, and one eye | 13 | |
| 9874126694 | Epistasis | the phenotypic expression of one gene affects that of another E - depositing pigment (pigment shows up) e - pigment won't show up B - black pigment b - brown pigment | 14 | |
| 9874126695 | Barr Body | in mammalian females, one of the two X chromosome in each cell is randomly inactivated during embryonic development *The inactive X condenses into a BARR BODY If a female is heterozygous for a particular gene located on the X chromosome, she will be mosaic for that character | 15 | |
| 9874126696 | Linked genes | genes located NEAR each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses | 16 | |
| 9874126697 | Crossing over | prophase I Meiosis replicated chromosome pairs switch sections to produce new allele combinations | 17 | |
| 9874126698 | Nondisjunction | members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II |  | 18 |
| 9874126699 | Aneuploidy | results from nondisjunction Offspring with this condition have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome | 19 | |
| 9874126701 | Trisomic | has three copies of a particular chromosome - down syndrome (trisomy 21) | 20 | |
| 9874126704 | Polyploidy | an organism has more that two complete sets of chromosomes - common in plants, not animals - more normal in appearance that aneuploids | 21 | |
| 9874126706 | Deletion | removes a chromosomal segment |  | 22 |
| 9874126707 | Duplication | duplication in a chromosome repeats a segment |  | 23 |
| 9874126708 | Inversion | an inversion reverses a segment within a chromosome |  | 24 |
| 9874126709 | Translocation | a translocation moves a segment from one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome |  | 25 |