AP Psychology Unit 13 Flashcards

9637817691	Norm	A set of expectations	0
9637821202	Role	A set of expectations about a social position, defining how in those positions ought to behave	1
9637835566	Social trap	A situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole Ex. Destruction of rainforests for agricultural interest	2
9637846635	Normative social influence	Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval	3
9637858322	Bystander effect	Social diffusion of responsibility	4
9637884842	Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis	Suggests that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression	5
9637897768	Altruism	Unselfish regard for the well being of others	6
9637902496	Proximity, similarity, symmetry	Reasons for attraction	7
9637911196	Mere-exposure effect	The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them	8
9637919951	Halo effect	A type of cognitive bias in which our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think about his or her character	9
9637942375	Attribution theory	We explain behavior with either disposition (internal) or situational (external) factors	10
9637954145	Fundamental attribution error	The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition	11
9637965108	Primacy effect	First impressions tend to color or bias later judgments of a person	12
9637976011	Cognitive-dissonance theory	Festinger Cognitive dissonance decreases when it can be rationalized Ex. Cognitive dissonance is less when lying for $100 than lying for $1	13
9637993276	Foot-in-the-door phenomenon	The tendency for people who have first agreed to small requests to comply later with a larger request	14
9638003502	Door-in-the-face phenomenon	Start out with a big request, then have them settle for a smaller one	15
9638006137	In-group bias	A preference for one's in-group	16
9638011542	Out-group bias	A negative view for those not in one's group	17
9638021525	Scapegoat theory	The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone else to blame	18
9638027625	Just World theory	The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get	19
9638111141	Social desirability bias	A type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others Ex. If teacher asks "Do you do drugs", you lie and say "No"	20
9638185019	Obedience	Milgrim compliance with an order, request, or law or submission to another's authority.	21
9638321181	Deinvidualization	The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity	22
9638329211	Social facilitation	Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others	23
9638335554	Social loafing	The tendency for people in group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable	24
9638346906	Group polarization	The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group	25
9638360433	Central route	Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts	26
9638367885	Peripheral route	Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as the speaker's attractiveness	27
9638375953	Stanford Prison Experiment	Zambardo Supposed to test effects of power Guards went power-crazy and experiment had to be shut down within days	28
9638382374	Obedience study	Milgrim Shock for every wrong answer, told so by lab coated proctor 65% went over 450 volts	29
9638397717	conformity study	Asch's People alter their thinking when everyone else has the same, opposite opinion	30
9638407835	Cognitive Dissonance Study	Festinger People sit through boring lecture, participants were offered $100/$5 to tell someone the lecture is fun and to join it People receiving $100 were more likely to do it	31
9638422687	Kitty Genovese	Murdered in streets of NYC +10 ppl witnessed it , no one did anything Bystander effect	32
9638438394	Riceville experiment	Jane Elliot To teach kids about racism, Elliot told students blue eyes are superior to brown eyes, and the blue eyed students immediately began to harass the brown eyes	33
9638452681	Coming of Age in Samoa	Mead Samoa is different than America	34