AP Biology: Animal Behavior Flashcards

5884452307	ethology	study of animal behavior	0
5884452308	behavior	what an animal does and how it does it	1
5884452309	proximate cause	"how" a behavior occurs or is modified	2
5884452310	ultimate cause	"why" a behavior occurs,	3
5884452311	learned behavior	develops through experience	4
5884452312	innate behavior	animal is born with it	5
5884452313	homeostatic mechanisms	regulating oneself	6
5884452314	feedback mechanisms	regulate growth and reproduction to maintain homeostasis	7
5884452315	negative feedback	maintain internal environments by returning changing condition to set point (negative, taking out)	8
5884452316	taxis	turning of animals' body relative to stimulus +=towards -=avoids ex: geotaxis, phototaxis, chemotaxis	9
5884452317	kinesis	random movement of animal in relation to stimulus	10
5884452318	fixed-action patterns	sequence of unlearned acts that are unchangeable and usually carried to completion	11
5884452319	releaser	When stimuli are exchanged between members of the same species	12
5884452320	migration	regular, long-distance change in location	13
5884452321	circadian rhythm	internal biological clock	14
5884452322	signal	stimulus that causes change in behavior	15
5884452323	learned behaviors	behaviors modified based on specific experience	16
5884452324	habituation	loss of responsiveness to stimuli with little or no meaning	17
5884452325	imprinting	learning and innate components, irreversible	18
5884452326	cognitive mapping	internal representation of spatial relationship among objects in an animals' surroundings	19
5884452327	associative learning	ability to associate one stimulus with another	20
5884452328	classical conditioning	arbitrary stimulus associated with particular outcome	21
5884452329	operant conditioning	another type of associative learning	22
5884452330	cognition	process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement	23
5884452331	social learning	learning by observing others	24
5884452332	altruism	engaging in behavior that doesn't help you, but helps rest of population (selfless)	25
5884452333	inclusive fitness	total effect of producing offspring and helping relatives	26
5884452334	kin selection	altruistic behavior that enhances reproductive success of relatives	27
5884452335	agonistic behavior	threats, rituals, and combat; settles disputes over resources, asserting dominance	28
5884452336	foraging	food obtaining behavior	29
5884452337	sexual selection	seeking and attracting mates/choosing and competing for males	30
5884452338	Tactile signals	Pros Quick Cons Limited to direct contact Cannot be used over distance	31
5884452339	Acoustic signals	Pros Travel great distance Does not require visibility Can travel around objects Cons Metabolically costly	32
5884452340	Electric signals	Pros Fast Does not require visibility Cons Only used by a couple fish/underwater	33
5884452341	Chemical signals	Pros long distance last longer "inexpensive" metabolically Cons can be carried away by wind no immediate response	34
5884452342	pheromones	Chemical signals	35
5884452343	Visual signals	Pros Immediate Cons Direct line of sight Light needed/clear path Eyes can be deceived Can be intercepted Very quick	36