AP Biology Midterm (WIP) Flashcards
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| 8689987084 | 4 classes of molecules that make up life: | - Carbs - Lipids - Proteins -Nucleic Acids | 0 | |
| 8689992198 | Molecules that are macromolecules: | - Carbs - Proteins _ Nucleic Acids | 1 | |
| 8690015502 | The order of macromolecule groups are... | Monomer --> Polymer --> Macromolecules | 2 | |
| 8690022020 | Dehydration reaction | The loss of an H2O molecule to bond monomers together | 3 | |
| 8690025800 | Hydrolysis | The addition of an H2O molecule to break/disassemble down monomers | 4 | |
| 8690034281 | Carbohydrates | - monosacccaride --> disaccaride --> polysaccaride - Used as energy for ATP, to build the cell wall/ membrane, stored energy etc. - The # and type of molecules determine its function!!! | 5 | |
| 8690064923 | What are carbs made of? | C, H, & O (with a 2:1 hydrogen/oxygen ratio) - There is a 1:2:1 ratio in monomers | 6 | |
| 8690080253 | Glycosidic linkage | A C-O bond to from a disaccharide | 7 | |
| 8690093392 | Starch | A carb which stores energy in plants | 8 | |
| 8690096575 | Glycogen | A carb which stores energy in animals | 9 | |
| 8690093393 | Cellulose | A carb which helps form the cell wall | 10 | |
| 8690103995 | Chitin | A carb which builds the exoskeleton in arthropods, and the cell wall | 11 | |
| 8690121186 | Lipids | - have no polymers or monomers - makes up sex cells, steroids, fats, the cell membrane etc. | 12 | |
| 8690134512 | What are lipids made up of? | C,H, & O | 13 | |
| 8690141024 | Triglyceride (fat) structure: | 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol group |  | 14 |
| 8690145369 | Fatty acid structure | A hydrocarbon and a carboxyl group |  | 15 |
| 8690155849 | Saturated fatty acid | -Made up of only single bonds between the C and has the maximum amount of H - unhealthier for you than the alternative | 16 | |
| 8690155850 | Unsaturated fatty acid | - Has at least one double bond between the C so the maximum amount of H isn't used - healthier of you than the alternative | 17 | |
| 8690180712 | Glycerol | A 3 carbon-alcohol- where each C is bonded to a carboxyl |  | 18 |
| 8690183575 | Phospholipid | - Made up of 2 fatty acids, a phosphate group, and glycerol - Have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads | 19 | |
| 8690183576 | Steroid | - Made up of 4 fused C rings - Ex. sex cells, oxytocin | 20 | |
| 8690186087 | Cholesterol | LDL's: Transports this to the blood stream HDL's: remove excess LDL's from the bloodstream to prevent it from clogging arteries | 21 | |
| 8690186088 | Proteins | - amino acid --> polypeptide - enzymatic catalysts, cell structure, storage, transportation in cells, etc. | 22 | |
| 8690984901 | What are proteins made up of? | C,H,O,N and sometimes S | 23 | |
| 8690189005 | Amino acid structure | A carboxyl group plus an amino group | 24 | |
| 8690192008 | peptide bond | A C-N bond through a dehydration reaction to join amino acids together to make a polypeptide | 25 | |
| 8690785632 | Sickle-cell disease | A blood disorder caused by the absence of one amino acid | 26 | |
| 8691035842 | Ester linkage | a bond between a fatty acid and a glycerol group through a dehydration reaction | 27 |