AP Biology Immune System Flashcards
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| 9948899680 | First Line of Defense | Nonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens ex: skin, stomach acid, mucous membrane, cilia |  | 0 |
| 9948899681 | Second Line of Defense | Nonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens | 1 | |
| 9948899682 | Inflammatory Response | Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature |  | 2 |
| 9948899683 | Histamines | chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area | 3 | |
| 9948899684 | Phagocytes | White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages | 4 | |
| 9948899685 | Chemokines | chemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area | 5 | |
| 9948899686 | Specific immunity | B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response | 6 | |
| 9948899687 | Adaptive immunity | Specific immunity | 7 | |
| 9948899688 | Lymphocyte | White blood cell |  | 8 |
| 9948899689 | B Cells | Humoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens | 9 | |
| 9948899690 | T Cells | Cell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs | 10 | |
| 9948899691 | Helper T Cell | Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC |  | 11 |
| 9948899692 | Cytotoxic T Cell | Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells |  | 12 |
| 9948899693 | Macrophages | APC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells |  | 13 |
| 9948899694 | MHC I | molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy | 14 | |
| 9948899695 | MHC II | molecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells | 15 | |
| 9948899696 | Memory Cells | Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection |  | 16 |
| 9948899697 | Antibody | Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction |  | 17 |
| 9948899698 | Antigen | Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen |  | 18 |
| 9948899699 | Passive Immunity | Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child | 19 | |
| 9948899700 | HIV | A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells |  | 20 |
| 9948899701 | Autoimmune disease | A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself | 21 | |
| 9948899702 | Allergy | Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine | 22 |