Ap Flashcards

8050176396	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo	Ended the Mexican-American War	0
8050176397	Wilmot Proviso	Amendment that sought to prohibit slavery from territories acquired from Mexico	1
8050176398	General Lewis Cass	father of popular sovereignty	2
8050176399	War of 1812	Fought between Britain and the United States largely over the issues of trade and impressment	3
8050176400	Popular Sovereignty	Notion that the sovereign people of a given territory should decide whether to allow slavery.	4
8050176401	General Zachary Taylor	Hero of Buena Vista in the Mexican War	5
8050176402	Free Soil Party	A party committed against the extension of slavery in the territories & one that also advocated federal aid for internal improvements and urged free government homesteads for settlers	6
8050176404	Underground Railroad	Informal network of volunteers that helped runaway slaves from the South and reach free soil Canada	7
8050176405	Harriet Tubman	Former slave who helped slaves escape on the Underground Railroad	8
8050176406	Henry Clay	The Great Compromiser	9
8050176407	Stephen Douglas	The Little Giant	10
8050176408	John C. Calhoun	Southern senator who pleaded for states rights, for slavery to be left alone, for the return of runaway slaves, he restoration of the rights of the South as a minority, and the return for political balance	11
8050176409	Daniel Webster	Northerner who proclaimed that the new land could not hold shaves & his Seventh of March speech helped move the north into Compromise	12
8050176410	Seventh of March Speech	Daniel Webster's address urging the north to support the Compromise of 1850.	13
8050176411	William H. Seward	Senator of NY who was against concession and hated slavery and said that Christian legislators must adhere to a "higher law" and not allow slavery to exist	14
8050176412	Millard Fillmore	Took over when President Taylor died & signed a series of agreements known as the Compromise of 1850	15
8050176413	Compromise of 1850	Admitted California as a free state, opened New Mexico and Utah to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade in Washington D.C., and introduced a stricter Fugitive slave law	16
8050176414	Fugitive Slave Law	Stated that (1) fleeing slaves couldn't testify on their own behalf, (2) The federal commissioner who handled the case got $5 if the slate was free and $10 if not, (3) people were ordered to help catch slaves, even if they didn't want to	17
8050176415	Franklin Pierce	"dark horse" candidate in the election of 1852 for the Democrats, wins the presidency. Known as the "fainting general"	18
8050176416	Winfield Scott	"Old Fuss and Feathers," whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War	19
8050176417	Jefferson Davis	President of the Confederate States of America	20
8050176418	William Walker	declared himself the president of Nicaragua and legalized slavery	21
8050176419	Ostend Manifesto	Stated that the state was to offer $120 million to Spain for Cuba and if it refused and Spains ownership of Cuba continue to endanger the United States there in America would be justified in seizing island	22
8050176420	Commodore Matthew Perry	His treaty of Kanagawa formerly opened Japan	23
8050176421	Gadsden Purchase	Acquired additional land from Mexico for $10 million to facilitate the construction of a southern trans continental railroad	24
8050176422	Kansas-Nebraska Act	Proposed that the issue of slavery be decided by popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territory, revoking the 1820 Missouri Compromise	25
8050176423	Harriet Beecher Stowe	Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin	26
8050176424	Hinton R. Helper	Non-aristocratic white North Carolinian, who tried to prove that the non-slave-holding Southern whites were the ones most hurt by slavery	27
8050176425	John Brown	Led a band of followers to Pottawatomie Creek in May of 1856 and hacked to death five presumable pro-skaveryites	28
8050176426	Bleeding Kansas	Civil war in Kansas over the issue of slavery in the territory	29
8050176427	Lecompton Constitution	Proposed Kansas state constitution that would have allowed slavery.	30
8050176428	James Buchanan	Succeeded Franklin Pierce, was more toward the South, & firmly supported the Lecompton Compromise	31
8050176429	Charles Sumner	Vocal anti-slaveryite & his speeches condemned all slavery supporters	32
8050176430	Preston Brooks	Decided that since he couldn't challenge Charles Sumner to a duel, he instead beat him with a cane until it broke	33
8050176431	John C. Fremont	Dashing explorer/adventurer who led the overthrow of Mexican rule in California after war broke out	34
8050176432	Know Nothing Party	Nativist political party which emerged in response to an influx of immigrants	35
8050176433	Nativists	Old-stock Protestants against immigrants	36
8050176434	Dred Scott	United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state	37
8050176435	Chief Justice Roger Taney	Said that no slave could be a citizen of the U.S. in his justification	38
8050176436	Panic of 1857	Financial crash brought on by gold-fueled inflation, overspeculation, and excess grain production	39
8058914919	5th Amendment	Said that Congress couldn't take away property, in this case, slaves	40
8050176437	Panic of 1837	Economic crisis triggered by bank failures, elevated grain prices, and Andrew Jackson's efforts to curb over speculation on western lands & transportation improvements	41
8050176438	Abraham Lincoln	Ran for Senate against Stephen A. Douglas & lost	42
8050176439	Freeport Doctrine	Declared that since slavery couldn't exist without laws to protect it, territorial legislatures would have the final say on the slavery question	43
8050176440	Harpers Ferry	Federal arsenal in Virginia seized by abolitionist John Brown in 1859.	44
8050176441	Robert E. Lee	Commander of the Confederate Army	45
8050176442	John C. Breckinridge	pro-slavery candidate nominated by southern Democrats for the 1860 presidential election	46
8050176443	John Bell	candidate nominated for the 1860 election by the Constitutional Union Party(know nothing party)	47
8050176444	Confederate States of America	the seven southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861	48
8050176445	Crittenden Amendments	Attempt to appease the South, would have given federal protection for slavery in all territories south of the 36*30' where slavery was supported by popular sovereignty	49
8050176446	Fort Sumter	The first shots of the Civil War were fired in South Carolina	50
8050176447	Border States	Five slave states- Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia- that did not secede during the Civil War	51
8050176448	Five Civilized Tribes	Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles	52
8050176449	Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson	Confederate general - killed by his own men in the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863	53
8050176450	King Wheat and King Corn	name the two "King" economies of the North	54
8050176451	Charles Francis Adams	Persuaded Britain not to build any more ships for the Confederacy, since they might someday be used against England	55
8050176452	Archduke Maximilian	Appointed by Napoleon III to become emperor of Mexico	56
8050176453	Habeas Corpus	Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment	57
8050176454	Morrill Tariff Act	Increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War.	58
8050176455	National Banking System	Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds.	59
8050176456	National Banking Act	Act that established a system of federal banks, allowing for a standard issue of currency	60
8050176458	Clara Barton	Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross	61
8050176459	Dorthea Dix	woman who pushed for changes in the treatment of the mentally ill and founded 32 mental hospitals	62
8050176460	Sally Tompkins	Richmond infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers & was awarded rank of Captain by Jefferson Davis	63
8050176461	Battle of Bull Run	First major battle of the Civil War, a victory for the South	64
8050176462	General George McClellan	Union General at Antietam. Very cautious	65
8050176463	Peninsula Campaign	Union General George B. McClellan's failed effort to seize Richmond, the Confederate Capital.	66
8050176465	Seven Days' Battles	Confederate victory in Virginia, during which Lee stopped Union campaign against Richmond	67
8050176466	Blockade-running	process of smuggling materials through the blockade	68
8050176467	Second Battle of Bull Run	Ended in a decisive victory for Confederate General Robert E. Lee	69
8050176468	General John Pope	Union general at 2nd Battle of Bull Run; defeated; replaced by McClellan	70
8050176469	Battle of Antietam	Landmark battle that ended in a draw but demonstrated the prowess of the Union army, forestalling foreign intervention and giving Lincoln the "victory" he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation	71
8050176470	Emancipation Proclamation	Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but didn't affect slavery in non-rebelling states	72
8050176471	A.E. Burnside	Took over the Union army, but lost badly after launching a rash frontal attack at Fredericksburg	73
8050176472	Battle of Fredericksburg	Decisive victory in Virginia for Confederate General Lee, who successfully repelled a Union attack	74
8050176473	"Fighting Joe" Hooker	Badly beaten at Chancellorsville	75
8050176474	Battle of Chancellorsville	Civil War battle that was one of the Confederate army's major victories	76
8050176475	Battle of Gettysburg	Civil War battle in PA that was won by the Union and became the turning point of the war	77
8050176476	General George G. Meade	Accidentally took a stand atop a low ridge flanking a shallow valley and the Union and Confederate armies fought a bloody and brutal battle in which the North "won"	78
8050176477	General George Pickett	led the failed Confederate charge through an open field at the Battle of Gettysburg	79
8050176478	Gettsyburg Address	Abraham Lincolns speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield	80
8050176479	Ulysses S. Grant	Union general	81
8050176480	David G. Farragut	Commander of the Union navy	82
8050176481	Vicksburg	Two and a half month siege of a Confederate fort on the Mississippi River	83
8050176482	General William Tecumseh Sherman	Union general known for his devastating March to the Sea.	84
8050176483	March to the Sea	Sherman's march to Savannah which cut off confederate supplies received by the sea	85
8050176485	War Democrats	Democrats who supported war and Lincoln	86
8050176486	Peace Democrats	US Democrats who didn't support the war and hoped to reunite the states through negotiation	87
8050176487	Copperheads	Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the South	88
8050176488	Clement L. Vallandigham	Notorious leader of the Copperheads from Ohio, who was banished to the Confederacy	89
8050176489	Union Party	The temporary 1864 coalition of republicans and War Democrats that backed Lincoln's re-election	90
8050176490	Andrew Johnson	Chosen by the Union party to ensure that the war democrats would vote for Lincoln	91
8050176491	Cold Harbor	Soldiers were sent to battle with papers pinned on their backs showing their names and addresses	92
8050176492	Richmond	Captured and burned by Grant	93
8050176493	Appotomax Court House	Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant	94
8050176494	John Wilkes Booth	United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln	95