AP Biology- Biochemistry Flashcards

9649570212	ionic bond	bond resulting from a transfer of electrons	0
9649570213	covalent bond	bond resulting from the sharing of electrons	1
9649570214	nonpolar	electrons shared equally	2
9649570215	polar	electrons shared unequally	3
9649570221	monosaccharide	C6H12O6 simple sugar; glucose, galactose, and fructose	4
9649570222	disaccharide	two monosaccharides joined together; C12H22O1; maltose, lactose, and sucrose	5
9649570223	dehydration synthesis	condensation; joining compounds together with water released	6
9649570224	hydrolysis	breakdown of a compound by adding water	7
9649570225	polysaccharide	polymers of carbohydrates	8
9649570226	cellulose	structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	9
9649570227	starch	storage polysaccharide found in plants	10
9649570228	glycerol	alcohol portion of a lipid	11
9649570229	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids	12
9649570230	saturated fat	fat without double bonds	13
9649570231	unsaturated fat	fat with double bonds	14
9649570232	steroid	lipid with a four fused ring structure; cholesterol and testosterone	15
9649570233	peptide bond	bond creating amino acid chains or polymers	16
9649570234	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds	17
9649570235	secondary structure	protein formed with hydrogen bonds	18
9649570236	tertiary structure	3D conformation formed; determines specificity	19
9649570237	quaternary structure	protein with more than one polypeptide chain	20
9649570238	alpha helix	secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin)	21
9649570239	beta pleated sheet	secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk	22
9649570240	functional group	components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions	23
9649570241	cohesion	capacity to resist tension to rupture	24
9649570242	salt	compound that releases ion other than H+ or OH- when dissolved in water	25
9649570243	chemical equilibrium	when the reaction rate is about the same in either direction	26
9649570244	polymer	long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	27
9649570245	monomer	building block for polymers; only made by producers	28
9649570246	adhesion	attraction between different kinds of molecules	29
9649570247	surface tension	measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	30
9649570248	van der Waals interactions	tertiary structure; weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations	31
9649570249	evaporative cooling / heat of vaporization	property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules	32
9649570250	disulfide bridge	tertiary structure; strong covalent bond formed when one sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another	33
9649570252	hydrocarbon	organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon	34
9649570253	macromolecule	giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules	35
9649570254	glycosodic linkage	covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration synthesis reaction	36
9649570255	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group	37
9649570256	pyramidine	cytosine, thymine, and uracil; six-membered ring	38
9649570257	purine	adenine and guanine; six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring	39
9649570258	hydroxyl	hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar	40
9649570259	carbonyl	carbon double bonded to oxygen; ketones and aldehydes	41
9649570260	carboxyl	oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group	42
9649570261	amine	nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton	43
9649570262	sulfhydryl	sulfur bonded to hydrogen in roughly the shape of a hydroxyl; cysteine	44
9649570263	phosphate	phosphorous bonded to four oxygens, two have negative charges, one is bonded to the carbon skeleton; phospholipid	45
9649570264	methyl	carbon bonded to three hydrogens; arrangement determines function of male and female sex hormones	46
9649610169	catalyst	speeds up the rate of the reaction, usually an enzyme	47
9649615566	denaturation	damaging a protein so that it loses its 3D shape	48
9649622622	catabolic	the breaking down of a substances and exergonic reaction	49
9649626006	anabolic	putting together a substance and it is an endergonic reaction	50