APES Flashcards

6535175141	Natural air pollutants	volcanoes forest fires wind storms living plants decaying plants sea	0
6535177523	volcanoes	sulfur oxides, particulates	1
6535179276	forest fires	carbon monoxides, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates	2
6535181371	wind storms	dust and particles	3
6535183273	living plants	pollen	4
6535183274	decaying plants	methane and hydrogen sulfide	5
6535185270	sea	salt particulates	6
6535188590	major air pollutants	carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, particulates, hydrocarbons, photochemical oxidants (smog)	7
6535191749	Carbon monoxide	-from transportation industry -causes headaches, dizziness, decreased tolerance to exercise	8
6535195332	sulfur oxides	-coal fired power plants, transportation industry -asthma, bronchitis	9
6535199570	nitrogen oxides	-transportation, coal fired, power plants -lung irritation, bronchitis	10
6535206141	particulates	-coal fired power plants, trans industry -irritation of respiratory tract, cancer	11
6535208859	hydrocarbons	-transportation (evaporation loss) -largely unknown, cancer?	12
6535216693	photochemical oxidants	-trans, coal fired power plants, industry -respiratory irritation, emphysema	13
6535220894	components of fossil fuel	hydrocarbons, contaminants, polluatants	14
6535227779	hydrocarbons (fossil fuel)	-not burned-carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, CO2 and water -burned-CO2 and water	15
6535234937	contaminants	-sulfur (heated)-sulfur monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, etc -mineral contaminant (heated)-particulates (lead) -nitrogen gas (heated)-nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide	16
6535243764	secondary pollutatnts	pollutants react with solar energy and water (sulfuric acid)	17
6535246141	photochemical smog	unburned hydrocarbons and NOx from power plants and automobiles react with sunlight to form secondary pollutants: ozone, formaldehyde, etc. Ozone erodes rubber, irritates lungs, and damages plants	18
6535259831	temperature inversion	-deviation from the normal decrease in temperature as you increase in elevation -results in cooler layer of air being trapped by a warmer layer of air above (warm fronts, mountains) -air quality issues, convection currents cease, traps pollution from an area from being dispersed in a normal manner	19
6535275922	indoor air pollution	tobacco smoke, radon, formaldehyde, asbestos	20
6535279093	tobacco smoke	-from cigarettes, pipe, and cigars -particulates-lung cancer, carbon monoxide-shortness of breath, sulfur and carbon dioxide-emphysema, carbon monoxide-heart attack	21
6535285949	radon	-radioactive material found in soil -lung cancer	22
6535287581	formaldehyde	-new furniture, particle board -lung and nasal cancer	23
6535290339	asbestos	-fire retardant around pipes in old homes and other buildings -lung cancer and buildup of fibrous tissue in lungs	24
6535296601	bag filter	removes particulates	25
6535296602	cyclone collector	particulate removal	26
6535298353	electrostatic precipitator	removal of particulates	27
6535303700	spray collector (scrubber)	removes particulates and gases such as sulfur dioxide goes through mist of liquid chemicals (water and..)	28
6535308158	catalytic converter	-transform toxic pollutants into less harmful forms -redox reactions-oxidation and reduction -widely adopted into automobiles	29
6535318276	acid deposition	-lower ph as a result of sulfur and water leads to sulfuric acid and nitrogen oxides form nitric acid (wet deposition as rain or fog, dry deposition settles and then later mixes with water) -results in acidification of lakes, killing fish and other marine life -some lakes contain buffers that resist changes in ph; thin soils have less buffer capacity	30
6535333784	laws and protocols	-montreal protocol -national acid precipitation act -national acid precipitation assessment program -kyoto protocol clean air act	31
6535338107	clean air act categories	-primary ambient air quality standards (protect health) -secondary ambient air quality standards (ma vs EPA-EPA controls CO2 and other emissions under this act)	32
6535352806	clean air act pollutants	-criteria pollutants (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, lead and particulate matter), threaten health, large quantities -hazardous air pollutants-cause cancer or serious health effects	33
6535369034	criteria pollutants	national health standard for each pollutant, burden is on state to monitor the air for the pollutant	34
6535372967	hazardous air pollutants	monitored by industries who report emissions to the state	35
6535376896	ozone depletion	destroyed by reacting with free-radical catalysts (OH, NO, CI, and Br)-cleaning agents, jets -O^o + O3=O2 -reaction occurs naturally by O2 absorbing UV radiation equals O^o, but anthropogenic pollutants catalyze the reaction -causes increase in UV radiation	36