AP Human: Industry Flashcards

AP Human Geography Ms. Hancock D6 Linda Bedwell Vocabulary Cards

9493970555	Break-of-bulk point	A location where the transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another. Ex: Workers must unload goods from a truck and then reload them onto a plane.	0
9493970556	Bulk-gaining industry	An industry in which the final product weighs more or has a greater volume than the inputs. Ex: Fabrication of parts and machinery from steel and other metals.	1
9493970557	Bulk-reducing industry	An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs. Ex: Most of the steps of copper production: Mining, Concentration, Smelting, Refining, and Manufacturing.	2
9493970558	Cottage Inustry	Manufacturing that was performed at the home prior to the Industrial Revolution. Ex: Handcrafts people make at home to sell to others.	3
9493970559	Fordist	A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly. Ex:	4
9493970560	Industrial Revolution	Involved major improvements in manufacturing goods and delivering them to the market. Ex: Machinery such as the spinning wheel to produce textiles, the water wheel used to power machinery and the steam engine were invented. These inventions aided in speeding up the production of manufactured items.	5
9493970561	Labor-intensive industry	An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses. Ex: agriculture, mining, hospitality and food service	6
9493970562	Maquiladora	A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico. Ex: 3 day blinds company	7
9493970563	New international division of labor	Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries. Ex:	8
9493970564	Outsourcing	A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. Ex: companies do this so they can redirect their attention to its own competencies.	9
9493970565	Post-fordist	Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks. Ex:	10
9493970566	Right-to-work laws	A U.S. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment. Ex:	11
9493970567	Site factors	Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital. Ex.	12
9493970568	Situation factors	Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory. Ex.	13
9493970569	Textiles	Industry revolved around making cloth; includes cotton gathering, spinning, and weaving. Ex.	14
9493970570	Vertical Integration	An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process. Ex:	15
9493970571	BRIC Countries	Deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. Ex:	16
9493970572	Agglomeration economies	Benefits that come when firms and people locate near one another together in cities and industrial clusters. Ex:	17
9493970573	Just-in-time delivery	Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed. Ex:	18
9493970574	primary sector	The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth, generally through agriculture. Ex:	19
9493970575	secondary sector	The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. Ex:	20
9493970576	Tertiary sector	The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. Ex:	21
9493970577	Quaternary sector	Higher skill level jobs Ex: Doctors, lawyers	22
9493970578	Quinary sector	Highest skill level jobs, decision may affect millions of people. Ex: President	23
9493970579	footloose industries	General term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport. Costs of the products do not change despite where the product is assembled. Ex:	24
9493970580	Export Processing Zone (EPZ)	Areas within developing countries that offer incentives and a barrier-free environment to promote economic growth by attracting foreign investment for export-oriented production. Ex:	25