AP Human Geography Midterms Flashcards

5833133354	Scale	the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. For example, on a 1:100000 scale map, 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.	0
5833142788	Local Diversity v. Globalization	Local diversity allows unique culture and differentiation of people whereas globalization pulls people together through info. technology and communication	1
5833166080	Maps/Cartography	a diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc. Cartography is the science or practice of making maps	2
5835581798	Environmental Determinism	how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories	3
5835583522	Absolute Location	Uses latitudes and longitudes to	4
5835721500	International date line	The line in the pacific that determines when the next day is	5
5835723680	Prime Meridian	0 degree meridian on Greenwich	6
5835724709	Equator	Centermost parallel on earth. Gets most direct sunlight all year.	7
5835724710	Tropics	Cancer and Capricorn.	8
5835726433	What is a place?	Where unique things and culture and people are	9
5835728611	Map Scale/Map projection	The earth projected by some proportion into 2 dimensions	10
5836375601	Climate/Biomes	Common weather and landscape patterns of a large mass of land	11
5836376047	Popluation Distribution	the arrangement or spread of people living in a given area; also, how the population of an area is arranged according to variables such as age, race, or sex	12
5836376048	LDC	Less developed country. High birth rate and high death rate. Low living conditions.	13
5836376049	MDC	More developed country. Low to moderate birth rate to low death rate. Better medicine and technology	14
5836376502	Demography	the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.	15
5836376503	Cartogram	a map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form.	16
5836376944	Ecumene	inhabited land	17
5836377249	Arithmetic Density	People per measure of land	18
5836377250	Agricultural Density	number of farmers per unit area of arable land	19
5836381368	Earth's Population Clusters	East Asia, South Asia, Europe and Eastern North America	20
5836381783	CBR	Crude birth rate.	21
5836381784	CDR	Crude death rate	22
5836383051	Natural Increase NIR	CBR minus CDR plus immigration and emigration	23
5836383052	ZPG	Zero population growth	24
5836383053	Echo Boom (population pyramid)	A small baby boom after the generation of a previous, more major baby boom	25
5836385755	Doubling Time	the period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value.	26
5836387499	Areas where there are population issues either overpopulation or negative growth	Ex. Russia has negative population growth at the moment	27
5836388480	TFR	Total fertility rate- the average number of children born	28
5836388481	IMR	Infant mortality rate- the average number of infant deaths usually at birth	29
5836388873	Age-Sex Ratio	The ratio of men to women as well as different ages	30
5836389591	Analyze the population pyramids	(Rapid, Slow, Negative Growth) why?	31
5836397182	Demographic Transition Model	Shows population trends of countries and their correlation with the country's development	32
5836398215	Malthus Theory	human populations grow exponentially (i.e., doubling with each cycle) while food production grows at an arithmetic rate	33
5836398216	Carrying Capacity	Capacity at which a population can be supported	34
5836400547	Epidemiologic Transition	a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment	35
5836402332	Chain Migration	the social process by which immigrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular city or neighborhood	36
5836404289	Interregional migration	Migration within a country or general region	37
5836405435	International Migration	Migration across countries	38
5836406984	Rust Belt	The American Eastern Midwest	39
5836407370	Cotton Belt	The American "South"	40
5836407371	Hollow Core		41
5836407652	Sun Belt	The American Southwest	42
5836408205	Counterurbanization	a demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas	43
5836409633	In a LDC, what direction does migration move and why?	Outward so people can live better lives	44
5836410160	EG Ravenstein	German English geographer photographer	45
5836410561	Short Term Migration	When a migrant moves to another country for at least three months but less than a year	46
5836410852	Emigration vs. Immigration	Emigration is the act of leaving one's own country, whereas immigration is the articulate of migrants	47
5836411150	Push Factors	Factors that drive a person away from a place	48
5836411151	Pull Factors	Factors that attract people to a place	49
5836411758	Economic or Place Utility	A place's "usefulness" that makes it attractive	50
5836411759	Refugee	A person forced to leave their own country in order to escape conflict	51
5836411987	Asylum Seeker	A person who has left their home a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another	52
5836412594	Intervening obstacle/ Intervening opportunity	Obstacles are factors that make it more difficult to migrate/ opportunities are factors that make a closer place seem more attractive than the previous choice	53
5836413101	Voluntary vs. Forced Migration	Voluntary migration is a choice whereas forced is when a person doesn't have a choice but to leave	54
5836414158	According to Ravenstein, who are most of the long distance migrants? Why has it changed?		55
5836417318	Wilbur Zelinsky migration transition concepts		56
5836417907	Undocumented Workers	Workers without legal documentation to live and/or work in another country	57
5836417908	Cultural Ecology	The study of human adaptations to social and physical environments	58
5836419514	Core-Domain-Sphere model	The area outside of the core of a culture region is still dominant but less intense	59
5836419835	Cultural Transition Zone	Area where two different cultures come together	60
5836420652	Folk Culture v. Popular Culture	Isolated, traditional, unique, and less prevalent v. Placeless, dynamic, and common	61
5836421312	Different types of diffusion	Hierarchal- VIPs spread innovations and ideas Relocation- people bring ideas and innovations from other places Contagious- an idea or innovation spreads through people-people contact	62
5836421629	Western culture's impact	Cars, music, fashion, technology, language, military strength, government	63
5836422578	Values associated with American culture	Constitutional, fundamental human rights, diversity and expressionism	64
5836422921	Cultural hearth	Place where culture originates	65
5836422922	Cultural Realm	The general language, religion, economic development, and artistry of general region	66
5836423419	Cultural Trait	A certain aspect of culture unique to a people or place	67
5836423420	Cultural Landscape	a geographic area, including both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein, associated with a historic event, activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values	68
5836423826	Functional and nodal region	Functional- consist of a central place and the surrounding areas that are dependent upon that place, such as a metropolitan area. Nodal- an area organized around a node, or focal point, and is defined by interactions or connections	69
5836423827	Syncretism	The amalgamation of different cultures or schools of thought	70
5836424681	Acculturation	The adaptation of a more dominant culture to a less dominant one	71
5836424682	Assimilation	The almost indistinguishable merging of two different cultures into one or the complete domination of a more dominant one	72
5836426459	Universalizing v. Ethnic Religion	Universalizing try to get people to join whereas ethnic keep to there own people or place	73
5836427873	Popular Religious Concepts	Afterlife, deity, nature is sacred, certain way of life	74
5836427874	Diaspora	The the scattering of the Jewish population from the Levant area	75
5836429565	Which languages have been globally diffused?	English, German, French, Chinese,	76
5836430462	Latin based languages	Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian	77
5836431183	French-speaking North American city	Montreal, Quebec	78
5836431829	Half of world's citizens speak from what language family?	Indo-European	79
5836432404	Components of a dialect	Grammar, speech, and sound	80
5836432639	Isogloss	A line in a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features	81
5836433580	Language that uses ideographic writing and why it is a problem to learn	Chinese. There is a different character(s) for every word	82
5836434708	Language no longer used	Dead language	83
5836435756	Why would a country have an official language?	To make it easier to organize legal documentation	84
5836437090	American English has adopted vocab from what other languages?	French,	85
5836438297	Lingua franca	A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different	86
5836438841	Does U.S have official language?	No	87
5836440161	Why is french the official language in places like Senegal?	They were under French rule during the imperialist era	88
5836440162	Pidgin language	A grammatically simplified means of communication with elements from multiple languages	89
5836440529	Creole	A pidgin language with elements of French, Spanish, African, and Native-American roots	90
5836440862	Why is English used globally	Western culture became highly influential after the Great War	91
5836441979	Why is Basque unusual?	Its language is not of the Indo-European family yet it is in the middle of two European countries	92
5836442903	Cultural Diffusion	The spread of ideas and innovation	93
5836443246	How is culture spread?	Through diffusion and immigration	94
5836443247	Ethnicity	the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition	95
5836443618	Ethnocentrism	The judgement of another ethnicity based on the traits and mindset of one's own	96
5836443949	Subsistence Agriculture	Farming to only sustain one household	97
5836444971	Hispanic population focused where in U.S? African-Americans?	Southwest. Midwest and South	98
5836447407	Ethnic enclaves	A neighborhood with a high density of a certain ethnicity	99
5836447934	Apartheid	Segregation of government by race or ethnicity. Ex. South Africa in the 20th century	100
5836447940	Ethnic Conflict	Conflict of interests or morals due to the difference in way of life or territorial claims by two different peoples	101
5836448452	Cultural hearths	Origins of culture (ideas and innovation)	102
5836449135	Chain migration and ethnic enclave connection	As certain people move to a neighborhood,it causes a chain of migration to a certain neighborhood, causing that neighborhood to become an ethnic enclave	103