APES Chapter 10 - AP Environmental Science (Friedland) Flashcards
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| 9188202527 | Tragedy of the Commons | The tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest for short-term gain. | 0 | |
| 9188202528 | Externality | The cost or benefit of a good or service that is not included in the purchase price of that good or service. | 1 | |
| 9188202529 | Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) | The maximum amount of renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising the future availability of that resource. | 2 | |
| 9188202530 | Resource conservation ethic | The belief that people should maximize use of resources, based on the greatest good for everyone. | 3 | |
| 9188202531 | Multiple-use lands | A U.S. classification used to designate lands that may be used for recreation, grazing, timber harvesting, and mineral extraction. | 4 | |
| 9188202532 | Rangeland | A dry open grassland. |  | 5 |
| 9188202533 | Forest | Land dominated by trees and other woody vegetation and sometimes used for commercial logging. |  | 6 |
| 9188202534 | Clear-cutting | A method of harvesting trees that involves removing all or most all of the trees within an area. |  | 7 |
| 9188202535 | Selective cutting | The method of harvesting trees that involves the removal of single trees or a relatively small number of trees from among many in a forest. |  | 8 |
| 9188202536 | Ecologically sustainable forestry | An approach to removing trees from forests in ways that do not unduly affect the viability of other trees. | 9 | |
| 9188202537 | Tree plantation | A large area typically planted with a single rapidly growing tree species. |  | 10 |
| 9188202538 | Prescribed burn | A fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on the forest floor. |  | 11 |
| 9188202539 | National wildlife refuge | A federal public land managed for the primary purpose of protecting wildlife. | 12 | |
| 9188202540 | National wilderness area | An area set aside with the intent of preserving a large tract of intact ecosystem or a landscape. | 13 | |
| 9188202541 | National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) | A 1969 U.S. federal act that mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or federal permits. | 14 | |
| 9188202542 | Environmental impact statement (EIS) | A document outlining the scope and purpose of a development project, describing the environmental context, suggesting alternative approaches to the project, and analyzing the environmental impact of each alternative. | 15 | |
| 9188202543 | Environmental mitigation plan | A plan that outlines how a developer will address concerns raised by a project's impact on the environment. | 16 | |
| 9188202544 | Endangered Species Act | A 1973 U.S. act designed to protect species from extinction. |  | 17 |
| 9188202545 | Suburb | An area surrounding a metropolitan center, with a comparatively low population density. |  | 18 |
| 9188202546 | Exurb | An area similar to a suburb, but unconnected to any central city or densely populated area. |  | 19 |
| 9188202547 | Urban sprawl | Urbanized areas that spread into rural areas, removing clear boundaries between the two. |  | 20 |
| 9188202548 | Urban blight | The degradation of the built and social environments of the city that often accompanies and accelerates migration to the suburbs. |  | 21 |
| 9188202549 | Highway Trust Fund | A U.S. federal fund that pays for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways. | 22 | |
| 9188202550 | Induced demand | The phenomenon in which an increase in the supply of a good causes demand to grow. | 23 | |
| 9188202551 | Zoning | A planning tool used to separate industry and business from residential neighborhoods. | 24 | |
| 9188202552 | Multi-use zoning | A zoning classification that allows retail and high-density residential development to coexist in the same area. | 25 | |
| 9188202553 | Smart growth | A set of principles for community planning that focuses on strategies to encourage the development of sustainable, healthy communities. | 26 | |
| 9188202554 | Stakeholder | A person or organization with an interest in a particular place or issue. | 27 | |
| 9188202555 | Sense of place | The feeling that an area has a distinct and meaningful character. | 28 | |
| 9188202556 | Transit-oriented development (TOD) | Development that attempts to focus dense residential and retail development around stops for public transportation, a component of smart growth. | 29 | |
| 9188202557 | Infill | Development that fills in vacant lots within existing communities. | 30 | |
| 9188202558 | Urban growth boundary | A restriction on development outside a designated area. |  | 31 |
| 9188202559 | Eminent domain | A principle that grants government the power to acquire a property at fair market value even if the owner does not wish to sell it. | 32 |