APES Chapters 5 + 18 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 4890058469 | CHAPTER 5 | CHAPTER SLIDE | 0 | |
| 4890058470 | 3 types of Diversity |  | 1 | |
| 4890058471 | Ecosystem diversity | the variety of ecosystems within a given region | 2 | |
| 4890058472 | Species diversity | the variety of species in a given ecosystem | 3 | |
| 4890058473 | Genetic Diversity | the variety of genes within a given species | 4 | |
| 4890058474 | Biodiversity picture |  | 5 | |
| 4890058475 | Biodiversity picture | | 6 | |
| 4890058476 | Species Richness | the number of species in a given area | 7 | |
| 4890058477 | Species Evenness | the measure of whether a particular ecosystem is numerically dominated by one species or are all represented by similar numbers of individuals |  | 8 |
| 4890058478 | Phylogenetic Tree |  | 9 | |
| 4890058479 | biodiversity as an effect of Evolution |  | 10 | |
| 4890058480 | Evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time |  | 11 |
| 4890058481 | Microevolution | evolution below the species level | 12 | |
| 4890058482 | Macroevolution | evolution which gives rise to a new species or new genera, family, class, or phyla | 13 | |
| 4890058483 | Genes | physical locations on chromosomes within each cell of an organism | 14 | |
| 4890058484 | Genotype | the complete set of genes in an individual | 15 | |
| 4890058485 | Phenotype | the actual set of traits expressed in an individual | 16 | |
| 4890058486 | Mutation | a random change in the genetic code (DNA); can add to genetic diversity |  | 17 |
| 4890058487 | Evolution by Artificial Selection | when humans determine which individuals breed | 18 | |
| 4890058488 | Evolution by Natural Selection | the environment determines which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce | 19 | |
| 4890058489 | Darwin's theory of Natural Selection |  | 20 | |
| 4890058490 | Genetic Drift | change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating |  | 21 |
| 4890058491 | Bottleneck Effect | a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size |  | 22 |
| 4890058492 | Founder Effect | a change in a population descended from a small number of colonizing individuals |  | 23 |
| 4890058493 | Geographic Isolation |  | 24 | |
| 4890058494 | Reproductive isolation |  | 25 | |
| 4890058495 | Allopatric Speciation | when new species are created by geographic or reproductive isolation |  | 26 |
| 4890058496 | Sympatric Speciation | the evolution of one species into two species in the absence of geographic isolation, usually through the process of polyploidy (an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes) |  | 27 |
| 4890058497 | Rate of Environmental Change |  | 28 | |
| 4890058498 | Genetic variation |  | 29 | |
| 4890058499 | Population Size |  | 30 | |
| 4890058500 | Generation Time |  | 31 | |
| 4890058501 | Range of Tolerance | all species have an optimal environment in which they perform well (i.e. the limit to the abiotic conditions they can tolerate) | 32 | |
| 4890058502 | Fundamental Niche | the ideal conditions for a species |  | 33 |
| 4890058503 | Realized Niche | the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species lives -This determines the species distribution (areas of the world where it lives) | 34 | |
| 4890058504 | Niche Generalist | species that live under a wide rangde of conditions | 35 | |
| 4890058505 | Niche Specialist | species that live only in specific habitats | 36 | |
| 4890058506 | Mass Extinction | when large numbers of species went extinct over a relatively short period of time |  | 37 |
| 4890058507 | The 6th Mass Extinction |  | 38 |