AP Biology: Animal Behavior Flashcards

9720528482	Ethology	study of animal behavior	0
9720528483	Behavior	what an animal does and how it does it	1
9720528484	Instinct (Innate) Behavior	behaviors that are inherited	2
9720528485	Kinesis	random movement of animal in relation to stimulus; the stimulus causes an alteration in rate or direction of activity or movement.	3
9720528486	Fixed-action Patterns	sequence of unlearned acts that are unchangeable and usually continue until they are completed	4
9720528487	Signal	stimulus that causes change in behavior	5
9720528488	Learned Behaviors	Behaviors that are modified based on specific experiences example: nest building	6
9720528489	Habituation	loss of responsiveness to stimuli with little or no meaning; animal can ignore meaningless stimuli	7
9720528490	Associative Learning	ability to connect one stimulus with another	8
9720528491	Classical Conditioning	arbitrary stimulus associated with particular outcome example: training a dog	9
9720528492	Operant Conditioning (trial and error)	when faced with two choices, an organism can learn to choose the option with the best reward. example: students who study to improve their grades	10
9720528493	Cognition	process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement	11
9720528494	Social Learning	learning by observing others	12
9720528495	Altruism	engaging in behavior that doesn't help you, but helps rest of population (selfless)	13
9720528496	Inclusive Fitness	total effect of producing offspring and helping relatives	14
9720528497	Kin Selection	altruistic behavior that enhances reproductive success of relatives	15
9720528498	Agonistic Behavior	threats, rituals, and combat; settles disputes over resources, asserting dominance	16
9720528499	Foraging	food obtaining behavior	17
9720528500	Sexual Selection	seeking and attracting mates/choosing and competing for males	18
9720528501	Pheromones	Chemical signals	19
9720528502	Suckling	A mammal is born knowing how to nurse. example: pig suckling at birth	20
9720528503	Imprinting	Some baby bird species will follow the first moving object they see usually the mother. example: ducks	21
9720528504	Migration	organisms move from one place to another periodically, generally in response to temperature or food availability. example: geese, monarch butterflies	22
9720528505	Hibernation	An organism goes dormant for a long period of time to escape cold temperatures example: bears, chipmunks, frogs	23
9720528506	Estivation	An organism goes dormant for a long period of time to escape hot temperatures. example: African bullfrog, fringe toed lizard, turtle	24
9720528507	Positive Chemotaxis	An organism responds to a chemical by moving towards it. example: male cockroach pheromones attract females	25
9720528508	Negative Chemotaxis	An organism responds to a chemical by moving away from it. example: the smell of a skunk repels other animals	26
9720528509	Positive Phototaxis	An organism responds to light by moving towards it. example: moths to a light	27
9720528510	Negative Phototaxis	An organism responds to light by moving away from it. example: moles live underground	28
9720528511	Mutualism	Both species benefit example: bee and flowers	29
9720528512	Commensalism	One species benefits and the other is unaffected example: whale and barnacle	30
9720528513	Parasitism	one species benefits and the other is harmed example: dog and flea	31
9720528514	Intra-specific Competition	occurs among organisms of same species	32
9720528515	Inter-specific Competition	Occurs among organisms of different species example: competition between hyenas and lions for a dead zebra	33
9720528516	Resource Partitioning	Species consume slightly different foods or use other resources in slightly different ways	34
9720528517	Aposematic Coloration	"stay away" color example: black widow's red underbelly	35
9720528518	Batesian Mimicry	Mimicking a poisonous organism's coloring	36
9720528519	Disruptive Coloring	Obscures size/shape of an organisms body example: zebras's stripes	37