AP Psych: Thinking and Language Flashcards
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| 8406870899 | Noah Chomsky | Developed the theory of inborn universal grammar. -Children learn the language they are exposed to -We are predetermined to learn language | 0 | |
| 8406904070 | Benjamin Lee Whorf | An American linguist who developed the principle of linguistic relativity, which held that thought is influenced by the structure of language. | 1 | |
| 8406953263 | Concept | A mental grouping of similar things, events, and people, that is used to remember and understand what things are. | 2 | |
| 8406974783 | Prototype | The best example or cognitive representation of something within a certain catagory. | 3 | |
| 8407021437 | Algorithm | A set of instructions for solving a problem or completing a process. | 4 | |
| 8407051441 | Heuristic | A shortcut used to solve a problem, efficient, but prone to error. Ex. means-ends analysis, working backward, difference reduction, analogies | 5 | |
| 8407191263 | Insight | When a solution to a problem comes to you in an all-of-the-sudden manner | 6 | |
| 8407202412 | Confirmation Bias | The tendency to search for information and facts that confirm pre-existing beliefs. | 7 | |
| 8407241691 | Fixation | The inability to adopt any different or new perspectives on a problem. | 8 | |
| 8407289422 | Mental Set | The tendency to approach a situation in a certain way because it worked before. | 9 | |
| 8407312291 | Functional Fixedness | A cognitive bias that limits a person to using an item only in the way it is traditonally used. | 10 | |
| 8407335794 | Overconfidence | A well-established bias in which a person's subjective confidence in his or her judgements is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgements. | 11 | |
| 8407356142 | Framing/Wording Effect | In which people react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presented | 12 | |
| 8407388177 | Phoneme | A basic unit of sound | 13 | |
| 8407401237 | Morpheme | A basic unit of meaning; some are bound | 14 | |
| 8407417942 | Grammar | Rules and convention | 15 | |
| 8407423691 | Semantics | An overall set of rules and conventions for conveying meaning | 16 | |
| 8407439919 | Syntax | How sentences and phrases are formed. | 17 | |
| 8407451587 | Stages of Language Development | 1. Crying and cooing 2. Babbling 3. One-Word Stage (about one year) 4. Two-Word Stage (about 2 years) | 18 | |
| 8407469605 | Aphasia | Impaired use of language | 19 | |
| 8407478185 | Broca's Area | Frontal lobe; usually left side; directs muscle movement in speech | 20 | |
| 8407488601 | Wernicke's Area | Usually in the left temporal lobe | 21 | |
| 8407493861 | Angular Gyrus | Transforms visual representation into auditory form | 22 | |
| 8407502092 | Linguistic Determinsim | The idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. | 23 |