AP geo language flashcards Flashcards
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| 7925231085 | language family | group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin. Ex: indo-European | 0 | |
| 7925231086 | Dialect | Variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines. Differences in vocabulary, syntax (the way words are put together to form phrases), pronunci- ation, cadence (the rhythm of speech), and even the pace of speech all mark a speaker's dialect. | 1 | |
| 7925231087 | Isogloss | A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs. (hotdish in MN) | 2 | |
| 7925231088 | language | sounds and symbols used for communication | 3 | |
| 7925231089 | Language family | Languages that have a shared but fairly distant origin | 4 | |
| 7925231090 | Language subfamily | group of languages with more commonality than a language family | 5 | |
| 7925231091 | mutual intelligibility | the ability of two people to understand each other when speaking | 6 | |
| 7925231092 | standard language | The variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of public life. | 7 | |
| 7925231093 | Agriculture Theory | Proto-Indo-European diffused westward through Europe with the diffusion of agriculture. | 8 | |
| 7925231094 | conquest theory | theory of how proto-indo european spread into europe that speakers spread westward on horseback and overpowered earlier people | 9 | |
| 7925231095 | language convergence | the process of two languages merging together | 10 | |
| 7925231096 | language divergence | the process of a language splitting into two or more distinct languages | 11 | |
| 7925231097 | Language replacement | one language is replaced by another, assimilation | 12 | |
| 7925231098 | Proto-Indo-European | a prehistoric unrecorded language that was the ancestor of all Indo-European languages. First major linguistic hypothesis. | 13 | |
| 7925231099 | Sound shift | Slight change in words across languages | 14 | |
| 7925231100 | Nostratic | The core of a pre-Proto-Indo-European language. Earliest language in the P-I-E realm | 15 | |
| 7955022851 | Creole | Used to describe the language of the Caribbean region | 16 | |
| 7955022852 | Creolization | The process in which two or more languages converge and form a new language | 17 | |
| 7955022853 | Esperanto | a constructed language designed to be a unifying world language. Made up of Latin and modern European languages. | 18 | |
| 7955022854 | lingua franca | a common language used among people with different native languages to conduct business. Ex: all pilots must speak English. | 19 | |
| 7955022855 | monolingual states | A country where only one language is spoken. (Japan, Venezuela, and Poland) | 20 | |
| 7955022856 | multilingual states | Countries where more than one language is spoken. (Canada, Belgium) | 21 | |
| 7955022857 | pidgin language | When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary. Very low levels of grammar, useful enough to trade and communicate. CANNOT be used to conduct business. Very simple language. Ex: Frankish language | 22 | |
| 7955022858 | The changing of a word over different languages | 23 | ||
| 7955022859 | toponymy | the study of place names | 24 | |
| 7955022860 | Official language | In multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government. | 25 | |
| 7955022861 | Preliterate society | People who speak their language but cannot write it | 26 | |
| 7955094901 | deep reconstruction | technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to re-create the language that preceded it | 27 | |
| 7955094902 | backwards reconstruction | The tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants 'backwards' toward the original language | 28 | |
| 7955163521 | Descriptive toponyms | A place name that describes the place. (The Rocky Mountains) | 29 | |
| 7955163522 | Associative toponyms | A name that associates something with that place (Mill River) | 30 | |
| 7955163523 | Incident toponyms | Naming a place after something that happened there (Battle creek, cut and shoot) | 31 | |
| 7955163524 | Possessive toponyms | Named after people (Castro Valley, PT) | 32 | |
| 7955163525 | Commemorative toponyms | Naming a place after someone well known or in honor of a famous person (Illinois after the Illini Indians) | 33 | |
| 7955163526 | Commendatory toponyms | A name that praises a place (pleasant valley, Greenland) | 34 | |
| 7975731257 | Creole language | Stable language resulting from the blending of two or more languages, often lacking characteristics of either. | 35 | |
| 7975731258 | trade language | 36 |