AP 05_Cells Flashcards

10421301854	Eukaryotic cells (eykaryotes)	Cells containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. All cell types other than bacteria.	0
10421301855	Prokaryotic Cells	- cells lack a nucleus and all other membrane based organelles. Ex: bacteria	1
10421301856	Nucleus	A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA.	2
10421301857	Nucleolus	Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes	3
10421301858	Smooth ER	Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached. It is a major site of lipid synthesis.	4
10421301859	Rough ER	That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. Makes proteins	5
10421301860	Golgi body	organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell	6
10421301861	Ribosomes	Site of protein synthesis. May be bound to the Rough ER or free in the cell.	7
10421301862	Lysosomes	An organelle containing digestive enzymes used to break down food and worn out cell parts	8
10421301863	vacuole	Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates	9
10421301864	Chloroplast	An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs, contains its own DNA	10
10421301865	mitochondria	Enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane folded; contains its own DNA Site of ATP synthesis via Cellular Respiration	11
10421301866	Endosymbiotic theory	A theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes by engufing them. It is hypothesized that the mitochondria and chloroplast were initially free- living bacterial cells that were engulfed by a larger, eukaryotic cell.	12
10421301867	Evidence for the endosymbiotic theory	Chloroplast and bacteria each have a double Membrane, Same size as bacteria, contain own DNA, Divide and reproduce on their own	13
10421301868	Endomembrane system- definition	System of organelles connected by their similar phospholipid bilayers regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell. Builds & modifies proteins, packages them into vesicles, and sends them in the cell where they need to go (in a vesicle, bound in the membrane, exports out of the cell)	14
10421301869	Endomembrane system- pathway	Ribosome bound to Rough ER (builds protien), Rough ER (modifies protein), Golgi (packages protein), vesicle containing protein either 1) remains in vesicle, 2) merges with the membrane to build more membrane, or 3) exports the contents outside the cell	15
10421301870	centrioles	Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only	16
10421301871	Surface area to volume ratio	a variable that decreases as cells grow, so that it sets a limit to the size of cells.	17
10421301872	What kind of SA:Vol ratio is preferable to a cell? What are some ways this is accomplished?	Cells require a large SA:Vol Ratio. Keeping cells small, cells with fingerlike projections increase SA.	18
10421301873	Cytoskeleton	A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the cell. Acts as "tracks" on which things can move around the cell.	19
10421301874	Cell Wall	A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.	20
10421301875	What organelles are specific to a plant cell?	Cell Wall, Large central Vacuole, chloroplast	21
10421301876	Cell Membrane	the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell, regulates what can enter and exit the cell.	22