AP Biology- Endocrine System Flashcards

9148916783	Endocrine System	Releases hormones, chemicals released by ductless glands into the blood stream that can have an effect anywhere in the body	0
9148916784	Tropic hormones	Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to release their hormones	1
9148916785	Pheromones	Hormones released by one animal that affect other animals	2
9148916786	Hypothalamus	Bridge between endocrine and nervous systems Sends electrical signals to adrenal gland to release adrenaline Releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into posterior pituitary for storage	3
9148916787	Anterior Pituitary	Growth hormone (GH)- Bone growth Luteinizing hormone (LH)- Ovaries and testes Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)- Thyroid to release thyroxin Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- Adrenal cortex to release cortisol Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- gonads to produce gametes	4
9148916788	Posterior Pituitary	Stores and releases hormones (oxytocin-stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary glands during labor and ADH- stimulates the collecting tubule in nephron) from hypothalamus	5
9148916789	Thyroid Gland	Releases thyroxin- controls rate of metabolism Releases calcitonin- lowers blood calcium levels by facilitating uptake of calcium by bones	6
9148916790	Parathyroid Gland	Releases parathormone- raises blood calcium levels by removing calcium from bones Works in opposition to calcitonin	7
9148916791	Adrenal Cortex	Responds to stress by releasing corticosteroids- cortisol Raises blood sugar levels	8
9148916792	Adrenal Medulla	Releases epinephrine (adrenaline)- the "fight or flight" hormone- raises blood sugar levels by increasing breakdown of glycogen in liver	9
9148916793	Pancreas	Functions as both endocrine gland (releasing hormones) and exocrine gland (releasing digestive enzymes) Releases insulin to lower blood glucose levels Releases glucagon to raise blood glucose levels	10
9148916794	Thymus Gland	Most active in fetal and postnatal life Essential to development of a normal immune system Stimulates proliferation of T-lymphcytes	11
9148916795	Pineal Gland	In brain Secretes hormone melatonin	12
9148916796	Ovaries	Estrogen- stimulates uterine lining, promotes development and maintenance of primary and secondary sexual characteristics Progesterone- promotes growth of uterine lining	13
9148916797	Testes	Testosterone- supports sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics	14
9148916798	Positive Feedback	Mechanisms amplify an already existing response and bring a process to an end	15
9148916799	Negative Feedback	Mechanisms maintain homeostasis by inhibiting a response.	16
9148916800	Signal-Transduction Pathway	1. Chemicals bind to a receptor on the surface of the plasma membrane 2. Triggers a secondary messenger (cAMP or calcium ions) 3. Converts chemical signal to a specific cellular response from the nucleus	17