AP Genetics and DNA Flashcards
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| 9034668475 | Nucleotide | Made of a sugar, phosphate and a nitrogenous base | 0 | |
| 9034671325 | Purine | Adenine and Guanine. Double Ringed | 1 | |
| 9034674669 | Pyrimadine | Cytosine and Thymine. Single Ringed | 2 | |
| 9034677771 | Deoxyribose |  | 3 | |
| 9034679882 | Ribose |  | 4 | |
| 9034685455 | mRNA | Makes a copy of a DNA gene in the nucleus | 5 | |
| 9034690676 | RNA polymerase | Enzyme that reads a gene on DNA to make an mRNA copy | 6 | |
| 9034703651 | Central Dogma of Biology | DNA - RNA - Protein | 7 | |
| 9034705889 | polypeptide | name for a protein that describes the bonds holding the amino acids together | 8 | |
| 9034709234 | codon | Set of three base pairs on an mRNA transcript | 9 | |
| 9034713714 | anticodon | Set of three base pairs on a tRNA molecule | 10 | |
| 9034718815 | intron | genetic information that gets cut out of an RNA transcript and stays in the nucleus | 11 | |
| 9034718816 | exon | genetic information that gets cut out of an RNA transcript and codes for the gene | 12 | |
| 9034722466 | differential RNA splicing | allows one gene to code for more than one protein | 13 | |
| 9034722467 | splicosome | the complex of RNA and enzymes that cut out introns. | 14 | |
| 9034834288 | Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase | enzyme that binds tRNA to specific amino acid | 15 | |
| 9034838545 | wobble | the 3rd base of a codon has less strict base pairing rules than bases 1 and 2 | 16 | |
| 9034844469 | A site | Site on a ribosome that holds the amino acid to be attached | 17 | |
| 9034844470 | P site | Site on a ribosome that forms the peptide bond between the new amino acid and the elongated chain | 18 | |
| 9034844471 | E site | place where the "empty" tRNA dissociates from the ribosome | 19 | |
| 9034861839 | hydrogen bonds | form between the bases on the DNA ladder | 20 | |
| 9034871457 | 5' cap and poly A tail | added to an mRNA transcript to protect the transcript on it's way to a ribosome | 21 | |
| 9034875416 | chaperonin | assists with the proper folding of a protein | 22 | |
| 9034880046 | primary structure |  | 23 | |
| 9034881721 | secondary structure |  | 24 | |
| 9034883753 | tertiary structure |  | 25 | |
| 9034885715 | quarternary structure |  | 26 | |
| 9034890042 | operon | cluster of related genes with on/off switch | 27 | |
| 9034890043 | promoter | where RNA polymerase attaches | 28 | |
| 9034920659 | gene | code for related enzymes in a pathway | 29 | |
| 9034922717 | operator | "on/off", controls access of RNA poly | 30 | |
| 9034924897 | inducable operon | gene expression is turned on by the presence of a substance that needs to be broken down. (catabolic) | 31 | |
| 9034928564 | repressable operon | gene expression is controlled and turned off by the presence of a product that is made. (anabolic) | 32 | |
| 9034941497 | trp operon | example of a repressable operon | 33 | |
| 9034944327 | lac operon | example of an inducable operon | 34 | |
| 9034951664 | regulatory gene | produces repressor protein that binds to operator to block RNA polymerase | 35 |