AP Transcription and Translation Flashcards
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| 8522635448 | transcription | process of copying DNA into mRNA |  | 0 |
| 8522635450 | Template Strand | This is the transcribed DNA strand, has directions |  | 1 |
| 8522635452 | 5' to 3' | The direction RNA is built by RNA Polymerase |  | 2 |
| 8522635453 | 3' to 5' | The direction RNA polymerase moves along the template strand of DNA | | 3 |
| 8522635454 | RNA Polymerase | makes mRNA from DNA template | | 4 |
| 8522635455 | Promoter | binding site for polymerase before beginning of gene |  | 5 |
| 8522635456 | Transcription Factors | Proteins that bind to promoter region of DNA and help control transcription. Work with RNA polymerase. |  | 6 |
| 8522635457 | Initiation (Transcription) | First step of transcription. RNA polymerase binds to promoter of template strand of DNA |  | 7 |
| 8522635458 | Elongation (Transcription) | Second step in transcription. RNA polymerase adds complimentary RNA nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction. | | 8 |
| 8522635459 | Termination (Transcription) | Third step in transcription. Termination sequence cause polymerase to detach from DNA, mRNA is released. | | 9 |
| 8522635460 | Exons | A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons, which are expressed |  | 10 |
| 8522635461 | Introns | Noncoding segments that are removed during RNA processing | | 11 |
| 8522635464 | Spliceosome | This enzyme complex is made of snRNPs, removes introns and pastes exons together |  | 12 |
| 8522635467 | Codon | found on mRNA, 3 nucleotides (3 bases) that code for 1 amino acid |  | 13 |
| 8522635475 | tRNA | transfers amino acids to the growing protein |  | 14 |
| 8522635478 | rRNA | holds mRNA and tRNA together during protein synthesis |  | 15 |
| 8522635479 | The A, P, and E sites. | 3 locations on ribosome |  | 16 |
| 8522635480 | A Site | This site locates the tRNA carrying next amino acid to be added to chain (3rd). Tests for codon/anticodon match. |  | 17 |
| 8522635481 | P Site | This site holds tRNA as it drops off amino acid, building polypeptide chain. | | 18 |
| 8522635482 | E Site | The exit site where the empty tRNA leaves ribosomes. | | 19 |
| 8522635483 | Initiation (Translation) | mRNA, small and large ribosome sub-unit and first tRNA come together |  | 20 |
| 8522635484 | Elongation (Translation) | Polypeptide increases in length as new amino acids keep getting added to protein. |  | 21 |
| 8522635485 | Termination (Translation) | Release factor binds to stop codon on mRNA, polypeptide set free and forms 3D shape, ribosomes dissociate (aren't specific, ribsomes are general) |  | 22 |
| 8522659299 | TATA | promoter region on DNA for transcription to begin | 23 | |
| 8522664349 | TTATTT | sequence on DNA for termination of mRNA | 24 | |
| 8522666000 | AUG | start codon for translation | 25 | |
| 8522667144 | UAA,UAG,UGA | stop codons for translation | 26 |