APES Chapter 5: Biodiversity Flashcards

7600636633	Ecosystem Diversity	variety of habitats, living communities, and ecological processes in the living world	0
7600636634	Phenotype	An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.	1
7600636635	Species Diversity	The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community.	2
7600636636	Artificial Selection	process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits	3
7600636637	Genetic Diversity	The range of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species.	4
7600636638	Natural Selection	A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment.	5
7600636639	Species Richness	the number of different species in the community	6
7600636640	Fitness	Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment	7
7600636641	Species Evenness	the relative proportion of different species in a given area	8
7600636642	Adaptations	changes made to organisms to help it meet its needs	9
7600636643	Phylogenies	the branching patterns of evolutionary relationships	10
7600636644	Genetic Drift	A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance	11
7600636645	Evolution	The gradual change in a species over time	12
7600636646	Bottleneck Effect	a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size	13
7600636647	Microevolution	Change in genetic makeup of a population from generation to generation.	14
7600636648	Founder Effect	genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area	15
7600636649	Macroevolution	Evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla	16
7600636650	Geographic Isolation	Isolation between populations due to physical barriers	17
7600636651	Genes	DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.	18
7600636652	Reproductive Isolation	Barriers that impede members of two different species fro producing fertile offspring.	19
7600636653	Genotype	An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.	20
7600636654	Allopatric Speciation	the process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation	21
7600636655	Mutation	A change in a gene or chromosome.	22
7600636656	Sympatric Speciation	The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area.	23
7600636657	Recombination	the rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms	24
7600873743	Niche Generalists	a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions	25
7600873744	Niche Specialists	organisms which live in a specific habitat or feed on a small group of species	26
7600873745	Fossils	the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock	27
7600873746	Mass Extinction	event in which many types of species become extinct over a short period of time	28
7600873747	Sixth Mass Extinction	current mass extinction that is possible in this time period	29
7600873748	Genetic Engineering	The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes.	30
7600873749	Genetically Modified Organisms	genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal	31
7600873750	Range of Tolerance	the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate	32
7600873751	Fundamental Niche	the entire set of conditions under which an animal (population, species) can survive and reproduce itself	33
7600873752	Realized Niche	the set of conditions actually used by given animal (pop, species), after interactions with other species (predation and especially competition) have been taken into account	34