AP terms Flashcards

7389026147	Cliché	A trite, overused, stereotyped expression; a sentence or phrase, usually expressing a popular or common thought or idea, that has lost originality, ingenuity, and impact by long overuse	0
7389026148	Colloquial/Colloquialism	Characteristic of or appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal; use of slang	1
7389026149	Conceit	A fanciful expression usually in the form of an extended metaphor or analogy; author is showing intellectual cleverness	2
7389026150	Concrete detail/Concrete language	Detailed information, facts, data, and specific knowledge offered to describe, explain, or justify something	3
7389026151	Connotation	The associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning; nonliteral meaning	4
7389026152	Synecdoche	Term used to represent a part of a whole	5
7389026153	Syntax	The setup of phrases and words that creates a well-formed sentence; word choice- grouping of words	6
7389026154	Theme	The overall subject of a work of writing, a conversation, or someone's thoughts	7
7389026155	Abstract language	Vocabulary that signifies a concept, quality, or abstract idea	8
7389026156	Allegory	A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one	9
7389026157	Alliteration	The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words	10
7389026158	Allusion	An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference; a direct or indirect reference to something commonly known	11
7389026159	Ambiguity	A word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning	12
7389026160	Analogy	Comparison of two dissimilar things in which similarities are pointed out	13
7389026161	Annotation	A brief summary, evaluation, or explanation of a work of literature or text	14
7389026162	Antecedent	The word of which a pronoun refers to	15
7389026163	Antithesis	A contrast or opposition of ideas by juxtaposition in balanced places	16
7389026164	Aphorism	A short, generally accepted statement of truth/opinion	17
7389026165	Appositive	A noun phrase or a noun that defines or explains another noun, which it follows (renaming the noun)	18
7389026166	Apostrophe	As a literary device is when a speaker breaks off from addressing one party and instead addresses a third party; Third party can be an individual, inanimate object, or an abstract concept	19
7389026167	Atmosphere	Type of feelings that readers get from a narrative based on details such as settings, background, objects, and foreshadowing, etc.; entirety of a work	20
7389026168	Attitude	The relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience	21
7389026169	Clause	An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence; A dependent, or subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause	22
7389122171	Ad hominem	Attacking a person or opponent's personal traits rather than his argument	23
7389122172	Common knowledge	A system of shared beliefs or assumptions between a reader and an author; Does not need to be cited as a source	24
7389122173	Epigraph	A short quotation or saying at the beginning of a book or chapter, intended to suggest its theme	25
7389122174	Grotesque	The subject matter of a work characterized by exaggeration, deformity, freakishness, and disorder; Also can be a style or genre	26
7389122175	Parable	A short story used to teach a moral, religious, or spiritual lesson	27
7389122176	Denotation	Strict, literal dictionary definition of a word	28
7389122177	Dependent clause	A clause that modifies the principal clause or some part of it or that serves a noun function in the principal clause; can't stand alone	29
7389122178	Diction	The accent, inflection, intonation, and speech-sound quality manifested by an individual speaker; word choice- individual words, word arrangement; ex: formal or informal word choice, author's style	30
7389122179	Didactic	Inclined to teach or lecture others; morals or ethics	31
7389122180	Equivocation	The use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself	32
7389122181	Euphemism	The substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt	33
7389891977	Extended metaphor	A metaphor introduced and then further developed throughout all or part of a literary work; Occurs frequently throughout a work	34
7389891978	Figurative language	Non-literal meaning	35
7389891979	Genre	Major category into which a literary work fits; autobiography, biography, diaries, criticism, essays, journals, political, scientific, nature, fiction, poetry	36
7389891980	Gerund	Verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun (ex: walking, hiking)	37
7389891981	Anaphora	Repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences	38
7389891982	Devices of sound	Resources used by poets to convey and reinforce the meaning or experience of poetry through the skillful use of sound	39
7389891983	Ethical appeal	A method of persuasion that is based on the author's credibility	40
7389891984	Jargon	The language, especially the vocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group	41
7389891985	Persona	A person	42
7389891986	Simile	A figure of speech comparing one subject to another using "like" or "as"	43
7389891987	Stream of consciousness	A literary style in which the narrator describes through the thoughts of characters in a continuous flow	44
7389891988	Style	The way an author uses words in literature through word choice, connotation, and tone; Classification or genre	45
7389891989	Subordinate clause	A clause, followed by a conjunction, used to further describe the verb in the main clause	46
7389891990	Syllogism	A conclusion assumed by two facts that share similar terms through an "if...and...then" statement; Major or minor premise that we draw conclusions from	47
7389891991	Symbol/Symbolism	Mark or character used as a representation of an idea, group, object, or function/ The use of symbols to represent ideas, groups, objects, or functions; Natural, conventional, literary	48
7389891992	Thesis	A statement that is made with the intention of being further proven	49
7389891993	Tone	Describing author's attitude toward his/her material	50
7389891994	Transition	The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another; To undergo or cause to undergo a process or period of transition; Links	51
7389891995	Understatement	The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is	52
7389891996	Voice	Relationship between a sentence's subject and verb, active and passive style- sound of a writer's style	53
7389891997	Wit	Elements in a literary work designed to make the audience laugh or feel amused	54
7389891998	Trope	A figurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression; To twist meaning	55
7389891999	Causal relationship	A device used by writers to demonstrate the cause and effect relationship between two separate things	56
7389892000	Epigram	A short saying or remark used to express an idea in a witty or enjoyable way	57
7389892001	Freight train	Sentence consisting of three or more very short independent clauses joined by conjunctions	58
7389892002	Oversimplification	Writer denies complexity of issue in an argument, author leaves out part of the issues	59
7389892003	Straw man	An illogical fallacy that is a form of argument based on refuting opponents' argument while refuting an argument that was not yet stated by that opponent; Diverts attention from real issues	60
7389892004	Parallelism/Parallel Structure	Using a similar sentence or structure to highlight similar levels of importance, usually conjoined with "and" or "or"; Lists of verbs will always end with the same suffix; "Beside one another", idea or grammatical framing	61
7389892005	Parody	A piece of writing that imitates the style of something else, usually in an intentionally humorous way	62
7389892006	Pedantic	Writing bordered on lecturing, and is very scholarly, often to the point of being difficult to read; Overly focused on literary accuracy	63
7389892007	Periodic sentences	Has the main predicate at the end of the sentence, and is used to provide emphasis, or even create suspense	64
7389892008	Personification	The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman	65
7389892009	Point of view	The narrator's position in relation to the story being told; 1st person narrative, 3rd person narrative- omniscient & limited omniscient	66
7389892010	Predicate	The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject	67
7389892011	Prose	Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure	68
7389892012	Refute	To prove false, or wring by argument or evidence	69
7390520747	Repetition	The act of doing, or exercising the same thing over and over; Sometimes to put emphasis on	70
7390520748	Rhetoric	The art of speaking or writing effectively, persuasively, and eloquently	71
7390520749	Sarcasm	A mode of satirical wit depending for its effect on bitter, caustic, and often ironic language that is usually directed against an individual; Greek meaning- "to tear flesh", intended to hurt	72
7390520750	Satire	Text that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way	73
7390520751	Semantics	The language used to achieve a desired effect on an audience especially through the use of words with novel or dual meanings; Branch of linguistics that studies a meaning of words	74
7390520752	Begging the question	A logical fallacy, in which the conclusion of the argument is included in the premise	75
7390520753	Emotional appeal	An argument that draws on the emotions and interests of the audience so they will be inclined to accept the speaker's argument	76
7390520754	Exposition	The part of the story that sets the stage for the drama to follow: introducing the theme, setting, characters, and circumstances at the story's beginning	77
7390520755	Objectivity	A lack of judgement, biased, or prejudice; Uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices	78
7390520756	Soliloquy	A speech in which a character, alone of stage, expressed his or her thoughts and feelings aloud for the benefit of the audience, often in a revealing way	79
7390520757	Hyperbole	Exaggerated statements or claims not intended to be taken literally	80
7390520758	Imagery	The use of figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in a way that appeals to one's physical senses	81
7390520759	Inference/Infer	A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning / To conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements	82
7390520760	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language; Potty-mouth	83
7390520761	Inversion	Literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter	84
7390520762	Irony/Ironic	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is actually meant, or the difference in what appears to be and what is actually true; Verbal, situational, dramatic	85
7390520763	Loose sentence	The sentence reveals the key information right away and unfolds loosely after that; The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses	86
7390520764	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity; A figure of speech that compares two unlike things	87
7390520765	Mood	The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work; Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	88
7390520766	Motif	A distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition; Reoccurring image or word that unifies a piece	89
7390520767	Narrative	A spoken or written account of connected events; A story	90
7390520768	Non sequitur	A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement	91
7390520769	Onamatopoeia	The formation of a word by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent	92
7390520770	Oxymoron	A combination of contradictory or incongruous words	93
7390520771	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth	94
7390520772	Anecdote	A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event	95
7390520773	Digression	A stylistic device authors employ to create a temporary departure from the main subject of the narrative to focus on apparently unrelated topics, explaining background topics	96
7390520774	Explication	The process of analyzing a literary work in order to reveal its meaning	97
7390520775	Homily	Any serious talk that is intended primarily for spiritual or moral edification rather than doctrinal instruction; Spiritual or moral advice	98
7390520776	Red herring	Something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue	99
7746349628	Dramatic irony	A technique in which the author lets the audience or reader in on a character's situation while the character himself remains in the dark. When used in a tragedy, dramatic irony is called tragic irony	100
7746349629	Situational irony	A situation that is the opposite of what the reader expects	101
7746428858	Verbal irony	A discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words	102