Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

8256146746	Inflammatory Response	Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature	0
8256146747	Histamines	chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area and cause inflammation.	1
8256146748	Phagocytes	White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages	2
8256146749	Chemokines	chemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area	3
8256146750	Specific immunity	B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response	4
8256146751	Lymphocyte	White blood cell	5
8256146752	B Cells	Humoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens	6
8256146753	T Cells	Cell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs (antigen presenting cells)	7
8256146754	Helper T Cell	Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC	8
8256146755	Cytotoxic T Cell	Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells	9
8256146756	Macrophages	APC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells	10
8256146757	Interleukin 1	Chemokine secreted by a macrophage after it engulfs and presents antigens on its surface; activates helper T cells	11
8256146758	Interleukin 2	Chemokine that stimulates B cells to become active antibody-secreting plasma cells; released by helper T cell	12
8256146759	MHC I	molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy	13
8256146760	MHC II	molecules found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells; signal helper T cells	14
8256146761	Memory Cells	Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection	15
8256146762	Antibody	Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction	16
8256146763	Antigen	Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen	17
8256146764	Passive Immunity	Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child	18
8256146765	HIV	A retrovirus that attacks helper T cells	19
8256146766	Autoimmune disease	A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself	20
8256146767	Allergy	Hypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine	21
8256146768	Dendritic Cells	During primary immune responses, the principle antigen-presenting cells in the lymph nodes	22
8256146769	Innate Immunity	General, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme.	23
8256146770	Effector Cell	Short-lived lymphocyte such as a B cell or cytotoxic T lymphocyte that can take immediate action against an antigen.	24
8256146771	Natural Killer Cells	A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity.	25
8256146772	Mast Cells	Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.	26
8256146773	Humoral Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.	27
8256146774	Cell-mediated Response	The branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells.	28
8256146775	Neutrophils	The most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their lifespan to a few days. (aka: Pus)	29