Ap Biology Chapter 43 Flashcards

5064918971	Innate immunity	Present before any exposure to pathogens and is effective from the time of birth (nonspecific responses, external barriers, and cellular/chemical defenses)	0
5064930580	Acquired immunity	Develops after expose to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances	1
5064938461	Humoral resoponse	Pathogens in lymph (B lymphocytes or B cells are used)	2
5064960352	Cell mediated	Pathogens in cells (uses Cytotoxic lymphocytes)	3
5064966826	Barriers	Structures that prevent the intrusion of foreign substances and pathogens ( Mucus membranes and the acidity of skin)	4
5064976061	Patrolling cells	White blood cells	5
5064978097	Nitric axide	Degrades microbes in lysosomes	6
5064984496	Neutrophils	Engulf and destroy microbes in infected tissues	7
5064987030	Macrophages	Are part of the lymphatic system and are found throughout the body	8
5064990709	Eosinophils	Discharge destructive enzymes (don't ingest)	9
5064995705	Dendritic cells	Engulf microbes and carries a portion of the pathogen back to the spleen and lymph nodes to stimulate the development of acquired immunity	10
5065009857	Complement proteins	Search for microbes, kill microbes, coats intruders, attracts macrophages, and causes inflamation	11
5065017057	Interferon	Proteins provide innate defense against viruses and help activate macrophages	12
5065023508	Mast cells	Release histamine when you get injured	13
5065026062	Histamine	Promotes changes in blood vessels to supply more blood	14
5065029920	Fever	Inhibits bacterial growth, stimulates phagocytosis, speeds up repair of tissues, and causes the liver and spleen to store iron	15
5065040075	Natural killers	Attacks damaged cells by releasing chemicals that lead to the death of the cell by apoptosis	16
5065046361	Antigens	Foreign molecules or bad cells	17
5065058623	Cytokines	Secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells to recruit and activate lymphocytes	18
5065069089	Membrane receptors	B and T cells use these to find antigens	19
5065071991	Epitopes	Bumps on antigens that B and T cells recognize	20
5065081747	Antigen receptors	B and T cells have roughly 100,000 of these	21
5065085636	Plasma cells	Creates antibodies which are antigen receptors	22
5065093545	Cell mediated immune response	Involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells	23
5065098259	Humoral mediated immune response	Involves activation and clonal selection of B-cells resulting in the production of secreted antibodies	24
5065108324	MHC 1's	Found on almost all nucleated cells, they display peptide antigens to cytotoxic T cells	25
5065124044	MHC 2's	Mainly on dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-cells which are antigen presenting cells that display antigens to cytotoxic T-cells and helper T-cells	26
5065051031	T-cells	Attack, learn, and remembers pathogens that hide in infected cells, matures in the thymus (helper T-cells, Cytotoxic T-cells, and Memory T-cells)	27
5065054451	B-cells	Attack, learn, and remember pathogens that are circulationg in the blood and lymph, matures in bone marrow	28
5065146637	CD4	A surface protein in helper T-cells that binds to MHC 2's	29
5065171660	CD8	A surface protein that greatly enhances the interactions between a target cell and a cytotoxic T-cell	30
5065191547	Neutralization	Occurs when a pathogen can no longer infect a host because it is bound to an antibody	31
5065200054	Opsonization	Occurs when antibodies bound to antigens increase phagocytosis	32
5065206097	Membrane attack complex	Antibodies together with proteins of the complement system generate this and cell lysis	33
5065222063	Clonal selection	The binding of a mature B or T lymphocyte to an anitgen induces the lymphocyte to divide rapidly	34
5065235462	Primary immune response	The first exposure to a specific antigen during which B-cells called plasma cells are generated, and T-cells are activated	35
5065237400	Secondary immune response	Memory cells facilitate a faster, more efficient response	36
5065278801	Active immunity	Develops naturally in response to an infection due to B and T lymphocytes and the resulting memory cells (this can develop following a immunization)	37
5065298730	Passive immunity	Provides immediate, short-term protection (weeks or months) and it is conferred naturally when IgG crosses the placenta from mother to fetus or when IgA passes from mother to infant in breast milk	38
5065334984	Organ/blood rejection	Happens when MHC tissue does not match	39
5065350043	Rh+ antibodies	An antibody that can cross the placenta and can attack fetuses if the fetus is Rh-	40
5065360157	Allergens	Antigens that cause exaggerated responses (allergies)	41
5065369579	Antihistamines	Decrease allergy symptoms by blocking histamine receptors	42
5065388935	Autoimmune diseases	The immune system loses tolerance for self and turns against certain molecules of the body	43
5065408179	Immunodeficiency	Results from hereditary or developmental defects that prevent proper functioning of innate, humoral, and/or cell-mediated defenses	44
5065417342	Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)	Is caused by a virus	45