AP Flashcards

6686518974	climate	climate has been a major factor in determining where people started. People settled in areas that had climates that would accomadate agriculture and livestock	0
6686518975	Paleolithic Age	about 12,000 BC -during this time people were nomadic	1
6686518976	Neolithic Age	refers to age from about 12,000 BC to 8000 BC. During this time, people settled in communities and civilizations began to emerge	2
6686518977	River Valley Civilizations	refers to about 3500 to 1500 BC (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, Shang China, and Meso and South America)	3
6686518978	Classical Civilizations	refers to about 1000 BC to 600 CE/major civilization that emerged were Zhou and Han China, Greece and Rome, and the Gupta Empire	4
6686518979	All early River-Valley Civilizations shared some common characteristics:	-complex irrigation systems -legal codes -money -art and written literature -scientific knowledge, numbering systems, and calendars -intensification of social inequality	5
6686518980	common features of classical civilizations	-patriarchal family structures -agricultural-based economies -complex governments -expanding trade base	6
6686518981	Mesopotamia Culture(developed by 3500 BCE)	-cuneiform -extensive trade with Egypt and the Indus Valley -Bronze tools -advanced astronomy -Pessimistic view of world -flooding of the rivers -Polytheism: gods powerful and often cruel -Kings powerful, but not divine	7
6686518982	Mesopotamia Political Organization	-city states and warrior kings -Hammurabis code -competition among city states as well as frequent invasions led to less political stability than Egypt	8
6686606883	Mesopotamia Social Structure	-Job Specialization: farmers, metallurgist, merchants, craftsmen, political administrators, priests; -social classes -Marriage contracts, veils for women; women of upper class less equal than lower class counterparts	9
6686606884	Egypt (developed by 3000 BCE) CULTURE	-concerned w/ decorative arts, shipbuilding, some medical knowledge -less advanced in math and astronomy than Mesopotamians -Less extensive trade(especially in earlier eras) -Polytheism (with pharaoh as god) -Optimistic view of life -Strong belief in afterlife -Book of Dead -Hieroglyphics	10
6686606885	Egypt Political Organization	-Divine Kingship-the pharaoh;highly centralized, authoritarian government -Generally stable gov throughout the 3 kingdoms -Extensive bureaucracy; the pharaohs power channeled through regional governors	11
6686606886	Egypt Social Structure	-Smaller Nobility than Mesopotamia; fewer merchants -Some social nobility through the bureaucracy -Priests have high status(only ones who understand hieroglyphic written language) -Women probably has higher status in Mesopotamia ***-FEMALE PHARAOH: Hatshepsut -Influential wife of pharaoh: Nefertiti	12
6686661692	Indus Valley***		13
6686661693	Agricultural societies- Cultivate crops (8000 BCE)	Technology developed in this time: -domestication of plants and animals -iron tools -writing systems -constant development Main geographic locations: -river valleys in Mesopotamia, Nile River Valley, India, China, Mesoamerica, Andes	14
6686661694	Pastoral societies-domesticated animals (8,000 BCE)	domestication of horses and camels geographic locations: steppes, grasslands, deserts, mountain ranges	15
6686661695	Foraging societies- hunting and gathering (35,000 BCE)	baskets for gathering and storing and hunting tools geographic locations: everywhere	16
6686697894	The Sil****		17
6687014300	Polytheism	belief in a number of deities that can be anthromorphic or related to the non-human world *major areas: everywhere	18
6687014301	Confucianism	-five relationships -mandate of heaven major areas: east asia	19
6687014302	Daoism	Yin-Yang, Dualism in Nature, People part of the balance in Nature major areas: East Asia	20
6687014303	Hellenism	-Greek philosophy, trade and common culture throughout Mediterranean -science and technology developments at Alexandria--Library major areas: Mediterranean	21
6687014304	Hinduism	-caste system -multiple expressions of deities -emphasis on ritual prayer -sacred texts major areas: South and Southeast Asia	22
6687014305	Buddhism	-Four Noble Truths -Eight-Fold Path major areas: South Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia	23
6687014306	Judaism	-Monotheistic -emphasis on daily prayer and sacred text->TORAH major areas: Mediterranean world	24
6687014307	Christianity	-monotheistic -Jesus Christ as savior -Gospels, emphasis on saints major areas: Mediterranean world and then expansion into Latin West, areas controlled by Byzantines, Ethiopia, India	25
6687014308	Islam	-monotheistic -Mohammad as prophet -Qu'ran, Sufi emphasis on saints -Sunni/Shia spilt major areas: Arabian Peninsula, Mediterranean world then expansion into Islamic Spain, Persia, India, North Africa, Sudanic Africa	26